*Article*

#### **E** ff**ect of Black Tea Infusion on Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Capacity and Microstructure of Acidified Dairy Gel during Cold Storage**

#### **Han Chen 1, Haotian Zheng 2,3,\*, Margaret Anne Brennan 1, Wenpin Chen 4, Xinbo Guo 5 and Charles Stephen Brennan 1,\***


Received: 9 April 2020; Accepted: 22 June 2020; Published: 25 June 2020

**Abstract:** The impacts of black tea infusion on physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity and microstructure of stirred acidified dairy gel (ADG) system have not been fully explored. These impacts were studied during a 28-day cold storage (4 ◦C) period to explore the feasibility and technical boundaries of making acidified dairy gels in which black tea infusion (BTI) is incorporated. Reconstituted skim milks containing di fferent proportions of BTI were acidified by GDL (glucono-δ-lactone) at 35 ◦C for making ADG systems. Both textural properties and structural features were characterized; antioxidant capacity was determined through three assays. They are (1) free radical scavenging ability by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay; (2) ABTS [2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] assay and (3) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The microstructure of the ADGs was observed using SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and CLSM (confocal laser scanning microscopy). Results showed that BTI significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of the gel systems and the gel containing 15% BTI was as stable as the control gel in terms of syneresis rate. However lower phase stability (higher syneresis rate) was observed in the ADG with a higher portion of BTI (30% to 60%). The microstructure of the ADGs observed may explain to the phase stability and textural attributes. The results suggested that tea polyphenols (TPs) improved antioxidant capacity in all samples and the interactions between BTI and dairy components significantly altered the texture of ADGs. Such alterations were more pronounced in the samples with higher proportion of BTI (60%) and/or longer storage time (28 days).

**Keywords:** black tea; acidified dairy gel; textural property; antioxidant capacity; microstructure
