**Appendix A**

This appendix aims to collect research and case studies to validate and verify the schemes of the two supply chains shown in Figures 6 and 7. The literature search has been carried out in the Scopus database, and therefore may not consider different indexing.

Specifically, the research carried out skimming of the phenomenon by investigating the keywords 'circular economy' connected first to 'rice' and then to 'wine'. Among titles, abstracts, and keywords, the extractions counted 462 and 161 publications, respectively. These were then further filtered with new keywords such as 'waste' (421 results), 'husk' (165 results), 'hull' (41 results) for the database concerning the rice supply chain, and 'waste' (142 results), 'wastewater' (45 results), 'lees' (83 results), 'pomace' (43 results), 'marc' (12 results), 'stalks' (10 results), for the wine supply chain.

Further manual research has evidenced a small number of publications compared to those extracted from the system, which addresses chain waste reuse in new applications. The research highlights how often attention is not paid to the single product, but rather to the whole output set. Moreover, difficulties emerge in differentiating between hull and husk, often confused in terminology. The two tables below summarize the main results of interest.




#### **Table A2.** Application of by-products from rice production.
