**Comparison of the Glucocorticoid Concentrations between Three Species of** *Lemuridae* **Kept in a Temporary Housing Facility**

**Martina Volfova \*, Zuzana Machovcova, Eva Voslarova, Iveta Bedanova and Vladimir Vecerek**

Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; machovcovaz@vfu.cz (Z.M.); voslarovae@vfu.cz (E.V.); bedanovai@vfu.cz (I.B.); vecerekv@vfu.cz (V.V.) **\***

 Correspondence: volfovam@vfu.cz; Tel.: +420-541-562-772

Received: 24 May 2020; Accepted: 8 June 2020; Published: 10 June 2020

**Simple Summary:** Lemurs kept in captivity are constantly influenced by a number of factors that a ffect their welfare. All lemur species are classified as endangered species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and their population in the wild is decreasing. It is therefore useful to improve the methods for assessing the level of stress in individual lemurs in captivity. In this study, we compared the changes in glucocorticoid concentrations in three species of *Lemuridae* in response to various types of potential stressors during their stay in a temporary housing facility. The glucocorticoid levels were specifically monitored for ring-tailed lemurs (*Lemur catta*), white-headed lemurs (*Eulemur albifrons*) and collared brown lemurs (*Eulemur collaris*).

**Abstract:** We compared the glucocorticoid concentrations in response to various types of potential stressors present during standard operation of a temporary housing facility between three species, namely, ring-tailed lemurs, collared brown lemurs and white-headed lemurs. The levels of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) were measured non-invasively on a daily basis during a 30-day period. A total of 510 faecal samples were collected. Concentrations of immunoreactive glucocorticoid hormone metabolites were measured in the obtained extracts by using an enzyme immunoassay. The polyclonal antibodies used in this assay were directed against the metabolite 11-oxo-etiocholanolone I. We found all three monitored lemur species to respond to specific potentially stressful situations by increasing (*p* < 0.05) the FGM levels within one to two days after the event. Although housed in the same room, di fferences in response to potentially stressful situations were found in white-headed lemurs compared to ring-tailed lemurs. Increased mean levels of the FGMs were found more frequently in white-headed lemurs than in ring-tailed lemurs. The results sugges<sup>t</sup> that this species may be more sensitive to changes in its surroundings. In general, the levels of the FGMs showed a similar pattern during 30 days of monitoring suggesting that all groups of lemurs responded in a similar manner to the same events. However, we recorded the di fferences in the absolute values of glucocorticoid concentrations between the monitored species likely due to the di fferences in sex ratios in the groups and presence of lactating females in the ring-tailed lemurs.

**Keywords:** zoo; non-invasive; faecal analysis; glucocorticoid metabolites; enzyme immunoassay
