3.1.2. FWO Method

Flynn-Wall-Ozawa developed a method where the activation energy is found by plotting the heating rates against the temperature at which a given conversion is obtained at that heating rate.

$$
\ln b = -1.052 \frac{E\_a}{RT\_a} + \ln \frac{A\_a E\_a}{R f(\alpha)} - 5.331 \tag{6}
$$

A plot of ln *b* against 1000 *Ti*gives a straight line with slope −1.052 *EαR*. This is used to find *E<sup>α</sup>*.
