4.1.3. Steady-State Constraints

Based on the indices discussed in Section 3.3, the steady-state constraints are as follows:

$$
\Delta f^{\rm s,min} < \Delta f^{\rm s}(p) < \Delta f^{\rm s,max} \, , \tag{8}
$$

$$
\Delta V\_m^{\text{s,min}} < \Delta V\_m^{\text{s}}(p) < \Delta V\_m^{\text{s,max}} \ (m = 1, \dots, N\_\text{B}), \tag{9}
$$

$$S\_q^\mathbf{s}(p) < S\_q^{\text{g,max}}(q = 1, \dots, \mathbf{v}, N\_\mathbf{T}), \tag{10}$$

where Δ*f* s,max and Δ*f* s,min are the steady-state frequency deviation limits of the system; *N*B is the total number of the buses; Δ*V*s,max *m* and Δ*V*s,min *m* are the upper and lower limits of the steady-state voltage deviation at bus *m*; *N*T is the total number of lines; *S*s*q* is the transmission power of line *q;* and *S*s,max *q* is the transmission power limit of line *q*.

Equations (8) and (9) are the steady-state deviation limits of the frequency and voltage. Equation (10) is the transmission power limit of lines.
