**Evaluation of Di**ff**erent Development Possibilities of Distribution Grid State Forecasts**

#### **Jessica Hermanns \*, Marcel Modemann, Kamil Korotkiewicz, Frederik Paulat, Kevin Kotthaus, Sven Pack and Markus Zdrallek**

Institute of Power System Engineering, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany;marcel.modemann@uni-wuppertal.de (M.M.); kamil.korotkiewicz@uni-wuppertal.de (K.K.); frederik.paulat@uni-wuppertal.de (F.P.); kevin.kotthaus@uni-wuppertal.de (K.K.); sven.pack@uni-wuppertal.de (S.P.); zdrallek@uni-wuppertal.de (M.Z.) **\*** Correspondence: jessica.hermanns@uni-wuppertal.de

Received: 7 March 2020; Accepted: 9 April 2020; Published: 13 April 2020

**Abstract:** The number of renewable energy systems is still increasing. To reduce the worldwide CO2 emissions, there will be even more challenges in the distribution grids like currently upcoming charging stations or heat pumps. All these new electric systems in the low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) levels are characterized by an unsteady behavior. To monitor and predict the behavior of these new flexible systems, a grid state forecast is needed. This software tool calculates wind, photovoltaic, and load forecasts. These power forecasts are already in the focus of research, but there are some specific use cases, which require a more specific solution. To ge<sup>t</sup> a variously applicable software tool, different new functions to improve an already existing grid state forecast tool were developed and evaluated. For example, it will be proofed if a grid state forecast tool can be improved by calculating the number or the base load of the loads in grid areas by just one available measurement. Another big subject exists in the exchange of forecast information between different voltage levels. How this can be realized and how big the effect on the forecast quality is, will be analyzed. The results of these evaluations will be shown in this paper.

**Keywords:** grid state forecast; smart grids; distribution grids; congestion managemen<sup>t</sup>
