**7. Conclusions**

During this study, an attempt was made to outline the current status and possible future trends regarding electric mobility in the most complete and concise way possible. To date, the overall use of electric vehicles is still modest, although, as we have seen, the market is likely to expand in the coming years. The increasing frequency of extreme meteorological phenomena related to climate change due to greenhouse gases, and the continuous reduction in fossil fuel deposits make it not only necessary, but a duty to migrate to a more sustainable means of transportation.

However, the unsupervised use of EVs on the roads could lead to dangerous overloads and sudden voltage drops for the distribution network, which would increase the probability of disservice. It is therefore true that, in parallel with their di ffusion, it is necessary to envisage the implementation of an appropriate scheduling of the recharging process through intelligent recharging systems that are able to predict and analyze the situations of the distribution network and act accordingly.

Moreover, every new EV that is introduced into circulation also means a new load that needs electricity to recharge. Consequently, careful planning of renewable energy plants and their di ffusion is also necessary in order to provide (in a manner as sustainably as possible) the huge amount of energy that these new "wheeled loads" will need.

In the second part of this study, we saw a practical application of this proposition. The electrical producibility of a photovoltaic system designed specifically for the car park of Ferrara railway station was analyzed and it was observed that not only was this plant able to supply energy for the basic load of the parking, but it also met the energy requirement for recharging the EVs. Furthermore, it leaves an additional residual energy that may be exploited through on-site exchanges. In conclusion, it may be stated that the biggest challenges facing V2G technology are those outlined below:


**Author Contributions:** R.G. and M.L. proposed the core idea and developed the models. R.G. and M.L. performed the simulations, exported the results, and analyzed the data. W.Y. and F.F. revised the paper. M.L. and W.Y. contributed to the design of the models and the writing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
