*5.1. Photovoltaic (PV) Panel Technology*

The PV panel selected for this study case is the panel NeON ® 2 BiFacial. The peculiarity of this panel is its double-sided structure which is able to exploit both direct light and reflected light. It is possible to appreciate the di fferences between a conventional photovoltaic module and one considered with double-sided technology. The bifacial cell is designed in a symmetrical structure in order to gain additional sunlight absorption from the rear.

The panel therefore uses the Albedo e ffect [48]. The Albedo is an index derived from the ratio between the light incident on a surface and the corresponding reflected light. Consequently, the Albedo index can vary between 100% for perfectly reflective surfaces and 0% for perfectly absorbent surfaces.

In a context such as the one under examination, it is assumed that the surface is mostly made up of asphalt, which corresponds to an Albedo between 10% and 20%. A power gain of 5% with respect to the nominal power is therefore assumed.
