*Article* **Design Criteria for Suspended Pipelines Based on Structural Analysis** †

#### **Mariana Simão 1,\*, Jesus Mora-Rodriguez 2,‡ and Helena M. Ramos 1,‡**


### Academic Editor: Arjen Y. Hoekstra

Received: 4 May 2016; Accepted: 12 June 2016; Published: 17 June 2016

**Abstract:** Mathematical models have become the target of numerous attempts to obtain results that can be extrapolated to the study of hydraulic pressure infrastructures associated with different engineering requests. Simulation analysis based on finite element method (FEM) models are used to determine the vulnerability of hydraulic systems under different types of actions (e.g., natural events and pressure variation). As part of the numerical simulation of a suspended pipeline, the adequacy of existing supports to sustain the pressure loads is verified. With a certain value of load application, the pipeline is forced to sway sideways, possibly lifting up off its deadweight supports. Thus, identifying the frequency, consequences and predictability of accidental events is of extreme importance. This study focuses on the stability of vertical supports associated with extreme transient loads and how a pipeline design can be improved using FEM simulations, in the design stage, to avoid accidents. Distribution of bending moments, axial forces, displacements and deformations along the pipeline and supports are studied for a set of important parametric variations. A good representation of the pipeline displacements is obtained using FEM.

**Keywords:** design criteria; structure analysis; suspended pipelines; finite element method (FEM)
