*2.11. Statistical Analyses*

The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. We used Mann–Whitney U-test to compare the data between two groups. We used Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Dunn's test to compare the data among multiple di fferent groups. P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 17.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).
