*3.2. Barcelona*

The RAF enables to highlight where Barcelona and its urban services stand today regarding resilience to climate change, and to identify the most critical aspects to be improved, taking into account both the reference situation and the expected impacts of future climate change scenarios. The diagnosis allowed for understanding those aspects that are being tackled properly from the city and was also to determine gaps and areas of improvement thanks to the great level of detail of the different dimensions that make up the assessment. Some results are presented in Figure 4. The exhaustive analysis led the city to an intense and deep level of self-knowledge about its level of resilience in different ways of approach (Figure 4a). In this sense, the organisational and spatial dimensions yielded good results about the level of response to the metrics considered, reaching a response level of almost 100% (Figure 4b). Regarding the physical and functional dimensions, several services of the city were assessed, namely water, wastewater, storm water, energy, waste management and mobility. The assessment showed those services that are well managed and monitored as waste or water services, but it also highlighted the need of improvement in the energy sector, storm and wastewater and mobility services (Figure 4c,d). For Barcelona, most data gaps can be blamed on the definition of the metrics to be applied and the differences in the way how these metrics are calculated. Most of the time, the indicators did not fit with the ones the city already determines and it would entail a noteworthy effort to address the asked specifications. Without assuming harm, this identification of gaps means an opportunity to improve a new approach to measuring the different aspects of resilience in the city.

**Figure 4.** Barcelona resilience assessment results for flooding: (**a**) Overall assessment, (**b**) overall assessment per dimension, (**c**) functional overall assessment per service, (**d**) physical overall assessment per service infrastructure.

The RAF enabled the ability to be realistic with the resilience level of city services. It shed light on the state-of-the-art of urban resilience in Barcelona, highlighting those areas where the city works properly and progresses positively to a high degree of preparedness. At the same time, it has helped to determine those aspects where there is still room for improvement and has also given the chance of applying a methodology capable to reach the deepest areas that make up the operation of a city.
