*3.4. Assessment of the E*ff*ects of Pluvial Floods on the Electric System*

Through the maximum flow depths provided by the 1D/2D USM and the geolocation of electrical infrastructures, an impact analysis was carried out according to the methodology presented in Section 2.8.

Figure 23 shows an example of the risk assessment carried out for all the electrical assets for return periods of T10 and T100. Here, it is possible to see the most affected areas and electrical assets, which are classified within the categories specified in Table 3 and sized with respect to their failure risk. It is possible to observe that the area near the Besòs riverside is clearly the most affected by pluvial flooding, showing the densest cloud of affected locations. Additionally, the figure shows the increase of the failure probability from the blue-colored baseline scenario (BAS) to the BAU scenario, colored in green.

**Figure 23.** Example of risk maps of all the electrical assets studied for T10 (**a**) and T 100 (**b**).

Table 4 shows the number of electrical infrastructures potentially affected by pluvial flood in Barcelona for baseline and BAU scenarios and their potential level of impact. The table also shows the social impact that each type of flooding provokes in society by counting the number of people affected in each case (reaching, in the worst case, 725,119 out 1,620,343 total people in Barcelona) and the losses provoked for each case, which in the worst scenario amounts to 771,129.01 €. It should be noted that the high (HV) and medium-voltage (MV) substations with a potential flood risk have been studied throughout the city, while only the distribution centers (DCs) in the vicinity of Besós and Llobregat rivers and coastal areas were considered [28,40].


**Table 4.** Electrical infrastructure potentially affected by pluvial flood in Barcelona for baseline (BAS) and BAU scenarios. DC: distribution center; HV: high-voltage substation; MV: medium-voltage substation.
