**5. Final Remarks**

Risk identification is a key phase for risk-based approaches as well as to assessing resilience. Limitations in data and in ready-to-use tools often limits the development of these assessments. The methodology applied allows us to proceed with the spatial characterization of the flood related hazards and exposure of essential functions and services providers in urban areas, as a first step to support the assessment of the resilience to specific hazards, taking into account interdependencies and cascading effects. The combination of methods and existing data can add benefits often not obtained with more sophisticated methods and data. The combination of data and knowledge from different sources with dual modelling approaches can provide helpful results about the magnitude hazards, using metrics that relate with the urban functions and corresponding services, for different situations and scenarios.

An encouraging outcome of the methodology is the understanding achieved by stakeholders that are not familiar with water issues, about the relevance of flood related hazards for their modus operandi and the value of information they could obtain from other stakeholders to increase the resilience and reliability of their services.

The results obtained for the situations analysed modified the beliefs of involved people about the effect of some strategies to reduce flooding, while improving their understanding of hydrological and hydraulic processes and their relevance for managers and operators in Lisbon.

Areas for improvement include procedures to record flooding events and corresponding meteorological information, information on sewer network operational condition promotion of closer collaboration between stakeholders. Tools such as hydraulic models need to be recognized as effective in supporting current systems management.

The characterization of the hazards is instrumental to the adaptation of different sectors and, in this application, allowed us to realize that despite climate change impacts, the current situation is already affecting a number of city functions and services.

**Author Contributions:** M.d.C.A. supervised this study, developed the methodology and its application, analysed the results, drafted the manuscript and finalized it. M.J.T., M.M., J.B. and R.L. contributed to application of the methodology and analysis of the results, and provided suggestions on the draft manuscript. M.J.T. and M.M were responsible by undertaking data collection and overall mapping in ArcMap ™ software. J.B. and R.L. were responsible by undertaking the simulations of the drainage systems. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by EUROPEAN UNION'S HORIZON 2020 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION PROGRAM, call H2020-DRS-2015 under the Grant Agreement number 700174 and acronym RESCCUE.

**Acknowledgments:** The work presented was developed within the EU H2020 RESCCUE project – Resilience to Cope with Climate change in Urban areas. Acknowledgment is due to Portuguese RESCCUE partners, as well as to all external contributors.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
