**2. Lisbon City Overview**

Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, is one of 18 the municipalities of the biggest Portuguese metropolitan area and has the second largest European port on the Atlantic Ocean. Lisbon is a city shaped by influences of a large number of cultures over time and by the extensive riverfront on the river Tagus estuary. Characteristic figures for Lisbon city are listed in Table 1. The city has a temperate climate, classified as Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), characterized by dry and hot summers and wet and fresh winter periods.

Climate change trends for Lisbon include the increase in average air temperature, decrease in annual and non-wet season rainfall, increase in wet-season rainfall and in intense rainfall events frequency, average sea level rise and increase of coastal floods frequency. The combined action of intense rainfall, wind, sea level rise with tides and storm surges is especially relevant for Lisbon's context and geographical position.


**Table 1.** Lisbon city characteristics [20–22].

The Municipality is involved and proactively committed to increase the resilience of the city to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals by actively working in relevant areas such as participating in international initiatives such as C40 and 100 Resilient Cities, largely investing from strategic to practical actions to increase city sustainability [23,24].
