*4.1. Problem Characterization in Practice*

The outcome of the first round of workshops held in each city was the definition of the problem characterization (Table 3). The second workshop identified an extensive list of measures and the adaptation strategies to be assessed (Table 4).


**Table 3.** Description of hazards selected as outcome of the problem characterization.

**Table 4.** Description of selected strategies and their measures to be prioritized in the two case studies.



**Table 4.** *Cont.*

<sup>1</sup> CSO events strategy is presented in Appendix A, because it was assessed in only one area of the city and thus not comparable with the other two strategies embracing the entire city.

The longlist of adaptation actions related to urban services of Barcelona contained 4 strategies and 27 measures, collected from the local climate action plan and workshops. Stakeholders of the Barcelona case study agreed to focus the efforts on improving the resilience of the city against pluvial flooding and CSO spills events. Therefore, the 2 strategies under assessment are related to those hazards and contained structural, nature-based solutions and technological measures aimed to reduce damages related to those hazards.

In the Bristol case study, 3 strategies and 14 measures related to urban-services were identified initially during the workshops and from local action plans. Stakeholders decided to focus on the improvement of Bristol's resilience against pluvial and fluvial flooding events and CSO spills.
