*3.3. Objectives, Criteria, and Metrics (Step 2)*

The objectives aim to consider the several NBS contributions to urban resilience [20]. In this sense, the proposed resilience objectives consider the relevant governance, environmental, social and economic concerns and the main aspects of the city, service and infrastructure required to assess this contribution.

The resilience objectives of the Dimension I are focused on the NBS contribution to the social, environmental, economic, and governance aspects at the city level. These objectives aim to ensure city preparedness for governance, planning and financial aspects of the NBS. Also, these objectives aim to guarantee the NBS capabilities to promote green jobs, social co-benefits and ES, preparing the city for future impacts. The proposed objectives for this dimension are detailed as follows:


The resilience objectives of the Dimension II pretend to ensure the adequacy of the spatial planning and both service and infrastructure management at the NBS level. These objectives question the preparedness and adaptation of the urban planning and the integrated service management to NBS. In this sense, an adequate integration of these solutions in the risk identification, land use planning, and city policy are aimed at. Furthermore, these objectives aim to assure the capability of the city to absorb disturbance, transform itself and prepare for future scenarios, based on the existing NBS. The proposed objectives for this dimension are detailed as follows:


objective are the service management and planning and the resources availability and adequacy. These criteria assess the existence of an integrated management for NBS and of an articulation and exchange of information between entities. Regarding available resources, the existence of adequate competences and of a specific entity in charge, with appropriate financial and technical resources, are also assessed.


In order to allow for an objective assessment of each criterion, specific metrics were defined, including both quantitative and qualitative metrics. Metric selection seeks to properly evaluate the proposed criteria, taking into consideration that the metrics are interrelated. It is necessary to understand how they provide comprehensive information on the resilience maturity. The determination of the metrics in the Dimension I presents a higher feasibility of application, since most are data based and only some metrics are procedure based. The Dimension II presents greater complexity because it is necessary to develop a mathematical model of the NBS's hydraulic behaviour for proposed model-based metrics. Due to the high number of proposed metrics, they cannot be detailed in this manuscript. All objectives, criteria and corresponding metrics are supplied in the supplementary material (Table S1).
