**5. Conclusions**

The key findings of this study include the need for an essential improvement of existing drainage infrastructure serving the area of Ashton in Bristol. The predicted effects of climate change and in particular, the impact of sea-level rise on tidal outfalls, will mean that a critical pumping station operating in the area will provide diminishing protection against extreme events as time progresses. The current pumping capacity will fail to deal effectively with the more intense storms and heightened river flows anticipated in future when outfalls become increasingly strained under rising sea-levels.

In the central St Philip's Marsh area, the "dry island" effect posed to this locality will have a larger knock-on impact to wider traffic flows in the adjoining road networks. In the future, under high spring tide or extreme tidal flood conditions, road closures will be far more prevalent and journey time delays escalated. Network management procedures will need to adapt to this and the requirement for longer-term strategic flood defences will become more pressing.

The number of electricity substations in central Bristol has shown to be at increased vulnerability to extreme tidal flooding when future flood extents and depths are considered highlighting how in the worst case (AWD > 160 cm) the number of substations affected could increase from 2 to 76 when increasing the return period from T20 to T1000. The substations identified as within the at-risk zones will need to ensure localized flood protection of the substation units up to the predicted future flood levels.

From this paper, it can be seen the importance and need for an integrated analysis for risk assessment related to city management during extreme events. Additionally, such analysis is of extreme relevance in order to detect the most critical zones and elements which may be impacted during such events; allowing to define and develop corrective strategies within the city with a holistic view.

**Author Contributions:** J.S. and R.H.; writing—original draft preparation, formal analysis, B.E., A.C., S.D., J.W., D.S.-M. and J.D.-G.; formal analysis, writing—review and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was framed into the RESCCUE project, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement Number 700174.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to acknowledge the RESCCUE project partner organisations and service providers operating in the city of Bristol, Western Power Distribution.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
