**5. Conclusions**

We have developed a fully coupled multiphysics and multiscale description of the evolution of a sedimentary basin under the effect of a glaciation cycle. To the best of our knowledge, thermo-hydro-mechanical effects are combined with isostatic adjustment and erosion within a fully time dependent three-dimensional simulation for the first time. Although the geological model that has been considered does not represent ye<sup>t</sup> the complexity of a real sedimentary basin, we have described a pipeline of steps that could handle the most complex cases as well, thanks to a multiscale approach that decouples phenomena occurring at very different space and time scales. For example, our methodology establishes a quantitative framework to transfer information from the definition of a large scale geological architecture to local fluid displacement and deformation dynamics. Preliminary numerical results sugges<sup>t</sup> that the combination of all these phenomena reveals the emergence of effects that were not expected or predictable using simpler approaches. In the considered synthetic test case we have quantified the effects of large scale isostatic displacement on local pressure and displacement field, in the presence of layer a pinch-out. Moreover, our results demonstrate the effect of erosion on the temperature dynamics of the sedimentary system. We believe that our results show the predictive potential of this holistic description of sedimentary basins subject to glaciations.

**Author Contributions:** The initial idea of the work was given by P.R., work conceptualization was then jointly performed by all authors. The methodology of the THM model was developed by D.C., G.P. and P.Z. The methodology of the isostatic adjustment model was developed by E.M. and M.P. The software used for numerical simulations was developed by D.C. and M.P. The writing of the manuscript was performed by D.C., M.P., G.P., E.M. and P.Z. and the manuscript review was performed by P.R., that validated also all the results.

**Funding:** This research was funded by Eni s.p.a. under the project *STREAM THMC* gran<sup>t</sup> number 4310304289, contract number 2500032655, of the cooperation agreemen<sup>t</sup> 4400007601 between Eni s.p.a. and Politecnico di Milano.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
