*4.10. ATPase Activity Measurement*

J774.1 cells were seeded into 6-well plates (2 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/well) and incubated at 37 ◦C for 12 h. Cells were then treated with juglone for 2 h, followed by treatment with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 6 h and ATP (5 mM) for 1 h. After washing twice with 0.9% NaCl, lysis bu ffer (40 mM Tris, 80 mM NaCl, 8 mM MgAc2, and 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5) was used to lyse the cells. Cells were centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 15 min at 4 ◦C. After pushing the cell lysate through a 25-gauge needle, the aqueous layer was collected and analyzed using the ATPase activity assay kit (Sigma), according to the manufacturer's instructions.
