*4.8. Colony Formation Assay*

A549 cells (5 × 10<sup>4</sup> cells/well) were seeded into six-well plates and incubated for 24 h. Subsequently, they were treated with 0.11 μg/mL (IC20) of DOX alone, subtoxic concentrations of MAE or MAW (20 μg/mL), or their combination. After an additional 24 h of treatment, the medium was removed from the wells, cells were harvested by trypsinization and replated at di fferent densities, and they were left to grow for 1 week. Afterward, the colonies were stained, and the total number of colonies per well was counted. The experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated three times. For each treatment, the obtained number of colonies/well was divided by the cell-seeding density, and these results were averaged.
