*3.9. Statistical Analysis*

The chemical analysis and biofunctional assay data were assessed using multiple variance analysis (ANOVA) with Duncan's multiple range *post-hoc* test in the SPSS version 20 statistical software package (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Differences between mean values were considered to be significant at *p* < 0.05. The hierarchical clustering analysis was performed using the complete linkage method based on the phenolic compound contents and biofunctional data from the 18 different *H. acetosella* accessions. The phenolic compounds were visualized as z-values on a heatmap.
