5.1.4. Toxicity Studies

Studies focusing on the possible toxicological e ffects of *G. americana* extract and its chemical constituents are still scarce. A study carried out on the acute toxicological analysis of the hydroalcoholic extract from *G. americana* fruits reported that animals receiving the extract did not present any apparent behavioral or clinical changes; the microscopic study of organs also did not present any changes, there were no deaths by the end of the study, although it was estimated that the LD50 would be greater than 2000 mg/kg. In the analysis of the subchronic toxicity, macroscopic changes in kidneys were described, such as increased size, which may be related to renal hyperplasia or thrombosis at dose of 100 mg/kg [175].

The toxicological evaluation of the aqueous extract from *G. americana* leaves induced mortality in *Danio rerio* fish species at concentrations above 100 mg/L. No genetic mutations were observed; however, some nuclear abnormalities such as blebbed, lobed and notched nucleus and binucleated cells were rather observed [176].
