**6. Conclusions**

The state-of-the-art nanotechnology has been successfully utilized in several fields for the well-being of mankind. On the other hand, any innovative unverified technology is accompanied with certain drawbacks. There exists concerns about the conceivable hazardous impacts of nanomaterials on the environment as well as human health. There are numerous justifications for believing that the application of nanomaterials is increasing. Up until now, nanotechnology has been considerably used to develop several technologies in addition to industrial sectors, of which includes textiles. Conversely, due to the absence of suitable disposal policies, the level of nanomaterials in the surroundings is persistently developing.

Nanomaterials are promising materials for the functionalization of textiles and fibers. Nanotechnology contributes novel solutions for developing newly advanced textiles with multiple functionalities like antistatic properties, wear/tear resistance, UV protection, flame retardancy, antimicrobial property, water/oil/dirt repellency, self-cleaning ability, and wrinkle free. Despite the fact that there are still certain issues with their utilization in commercial applications, there are many substantial scientific studies that report their appropriateness for advanced functional textile applications. In addition to this progress, it should be noted that the nanotechnology field is still a developing area with several challenges as well as prospects, unsolved difficulties, and commercial opportunities. Our exposure to nanoparticles from textile materials is developing, however, unfortunately this is not supplemented with suitable awareness or/and limits prescribed by safety regulation in regards to toxicological information. It can be anticipated that this situation might vary in our immediate future. Modern science, particularly analytical chemistry with the progresses in instrumental analytics is contributing an extensive range of various techniques that could be utilized for monitoring nanoparticles that exist on textiles as well as in textile wastewaters. Research works must be carried out for preventing possible human health risks for users, inclusive of the adult population, but particularly for babies and children.

Thus, it can be concluded that nanomaterials offer both benefits as well as risks. Currently, nanomaterials are present in certain commercial products, some of which are not labelled while some are labelled, and there will certainly be more to establish. Therefore, it is significant that the textile industries have adequate knowledge about nanomaterials so as to make safe choices. The conclusions of the current paper are anticipated to increase consciousness on the possible influence of nanomaterials containing textile wastes and the significance of better regulations in regards to the ultimate disposal of these wastes.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, S.J.Z. and H.S.; investigation, H.S.; resources, H.S.; writing—original draft preparation, H.S.; writing—review and editing, H.S.; supervision, S.J.Z.; project administration, S.J.Z.; funding acquisition, S.J.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** Qatar University's IRCC research program through gran<sup>t</sup> number IRCC-2019-004.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from Qatar University's IRCC research program through gran<sup>t</sup> number IRCC-2019-004 for this research.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
