2.1.1. Nanofinishing

Nanofinishing is the process in which the colloidal solution or ultrafine dispersion of nanomaterials is applied to a textile material for enhancing some of the functionalities (Joshi et al., 2018, [57]), (Haji et al., 2016, [58]), (Ghosh et al., 2018, [59]), (Radetic et al., 2019, [60]). It has certain benefits over traditional finishing, which are principally: (i) In general, in the case of nanofinishing, it only requires a lesser quantity of nanomaterials relative to bulk materials utilized in traditional finishing, for obtaining a similar effect. (ii) They do not influence the aesthetic feel of the textile materials. (iii) These nanofinishings are more durable due to the increased surface area-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials along with its homogenous distribution in textile material. (iv) Certain functionalities that are hard to attain by traditional finishes could possibly be developed by nanofinishing (Gokarneshan et al., 2018, [61]), (Ghosh et al., 2020, [62]). For almost two decades, the nano-finishing of cellulose textile material while using copper and copper oxide nanoparticles has been in the focus of science and textile industries (Radetic et al., 2019, [63]).
