2.1.2. Short Steel Fibers

In view of the limitations of the mesh size of carbon textiles and the mold height (20 mm), copper-coated steel fibers of length 12–15 mm were used, as shown in Figure 1d. The mechanical properties of the steel fibers are listed in Table 2. The density was obtained by dividing the mass by the volume, and the volume was measured using the drainage method.

**Table 2.** Mechanical properties and geometric parameters of steel fibers.

