*2.2. Preparation of Composites*

After the preparation step (see Section 2.1.2), the BDC fillers were applied to the styrene butadiene rubber at different concentrations. The rubber mixtures were prepared using a mixing mill (Bridge type milling machine, London, UK) with a roll temperature of 27–37 ◦C and friction of 1.1. The parameters of the rolling mill are as follows; roller length: L = 450 mm; roll diameter: D = 200 mm; rotational speed of the front roller: Vp = 20 rpm; width of the gap between the rollers: 1.5–3 mm. The mixtures were prepared for 6 min, then packed in foil and stored at 2–6 ◦C. The compositions of the rubber composites are given in Table 1. The tests were carried out at room temperature under normal pressure.


**Table 1.** Composition of the Styrene–Butadiene Rubber (SBR) composites.

Vulcanizates were prepared in hydraulic presses. Samples in the form of 100 × 50 mm films were prepared by pressing under 150 MPa at 150 ◦C.
