*2.2. Cell Culture*

Caco-2 human colon cancer cell was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Cells were grown in DMEM-Ham's F-12 (1:1) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% anti-anti, and maintained in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 ◦C. Cells were cultured in a T-25 or T-75 culture flask with a medium change every two days until 90% confluence. Then, they were digested with 0.25% trypsin (at 37 ◦C for 1–2 min) and seeded in a cell culture plate (96-, 24-, 12-, or 6-well) to culture for further experiments.
