**2. Materials and Methods**

#### *2.1. Experimental Greenhouse for Validation*

The 15-span experimental greenhouse located in Taean Gun (latitude 36.88◦ N, longitude 126.24◦ E, elevation 45 m asl), as shown in Figure 1, was used for validation purposes. The geographic location of the experimental greenhouse is presented in Figure 2. The multi-span experimental greenhouse had a rectangular based, Venlo type roof-shaped; the roof was covered with horticulture glass (HG-4 mm) and the side walls were covered with 16-mm polycarbonate (PC) material. Furthermore, inside of greenhouse, three thermal screens two Ph-super and one Ph-77 were under the roof, and one Ph-77 on the side of the roof was applied. The total floor area of the greenhouse was 7572.6 m2, with length, width, and volume of the greenhouse as 120.2 m and 63 m, 57 <sup>m</sup>3·m<sup>−</sup>2, respectively, while each span width, ridge height, and eve height were 8 m, 7.48 m, and 6.5 m, respectively. The schematic diagram of the experimental greenhouse, as depicted in Figure 3a, shows the vertical view of one span while Figure 3b shows the horizontal view. The weather data, including air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction, were recorded at the site. The ambient air pressure data were not recorded at the experimental site but obtained from the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) from nearest weather station—Seosan (129) weather station, latitude 36.7◦ N, longitude 126.4◦ E. The weather data were recorded from January to December 2019, and the characteristics of the weather data are shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the weather data were used as an input in the Building Energy Simulation (BES) model to simulate the real weather condition of the experimental site. Moreover, the greenhouse inside temperature was monitored for validation purposes.

**Figure 1.** Experimental multi-span venlo type greenhouse at Taean Gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea.

**Figure 2.** Geographic location of experimental greenhouse (latitude 36.88◦ N, longitude 126.24◦ E).

**Figure 3.** Experimental greenhouse dimensions (**a**) single span vertical view (**b**) horizontal view.


**Table 1.** Characteristics of the recorded weather data.
