*Article* **Building Energy an Simulation Model for Analyzing Energy Saving Options of Multi-Span Greenhouses**

#### **Adnan Rasheed 1,**†**, Cheul Soon Kwak 2,**†**, Hyeon Tae Kim 3 and Hyun Woo Lee 1,4,5,\***


Received: 16 September 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020; Published: 1 October 2020

**Abstract:** This study proposes a multi-span greenhouse Building Energy Simulation (BES) model using a Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS)-18 program. A detailed BES model was developed and validated to simulate the thermal environment in the greenhouse under different design parameters for the multi-span greenhouse. Validation of the model was carried out by comparing the results from computed and experimental greenhouse internal temperatures. The statistical analyses produced an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.84, a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 1.8 ◦C, and a relative (r)RMSE value of 6.7%, showing good agreemen<sup>t</sup> between computed and experimental results. The validated proposed BES model was used to evaluate the effect of multi-span greenhouse design parameters including thermal screens, number of screens, orientation, covering materials, double glazing, north-wall insulation, roof geometry, and natural ventilation, on the annual energy demand of the greenhouse, subjected to Taean Gun (latitude 36.88◦ N, longitude 126.24◦ E), Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea winter and summer season weather conditions. Additionally, the proposed BES model is capable of evaluating multi-span greenhouse design parameters with daily and seasonal dynamic control of thermal and shading screens, natural ventilation, as well as heating and cooling set-points. The TRNSYS 18 program proved to be highly flexible for carrying out simulations under local weather conditions and user-defined design and control of the greenhouse. The statistical analysis of validated results should encourage the adoption of the proposed model when the underlying aim is to evaluate the design parameters of multi-span greenhouses considering local weather conditions and specific needs.

**Keywords:** greenhouse modeling; energy demand; thermal screen; shading screen
