*5.5. Limitations*

Several potential limitations are worth highlighting. First, the link between farm production diversity and household food consumption diversity is a complex one. As Jones et al. [3] observes, this relationship is influenced by many factors. While we attempted to include the relevant aspects in line with the literature and the focus of the present article, these factors may not be entirely exhaustive. For example, cultural values may influence consumption of particular food items, but this may be difficult to capture in the analysis. Second, HDDS is an indicator that is based on household recall of food consumption in the previous 24 h or 7 days. Given the cost and time limitations for collecting data on seasonal food consumption in each agricultural season, we rely on recall also for seasonal food consumption diversity. Therefore, our modified HDDS for planting, pre-harvest and post-harvest relies on relatively long recall periods. Apart from this, however, the indicator provides a similar pattern of food security in our sample as other indicators used such as the normal HDDS and FVS. Despite these potential limitations, the analysis provides unique empirical insights on the smallholder households' production-consumption link using two distinct agro-ecological and market access contexts.
