*Article* **Interventions for Child Drowning Reduction in the Indian Sundarbans: Perspectives from the Ground**

### **Medhavi Gupta 1, Sujoy Roy 2, Ranjan Panda 2, Pompy Konwar 3 and Jagnoor Jagnoor 3,\***


Received: 23 October 2020; Accepted: 11 December 2020; Published: 14 December 2020

**Abstract:** Drowning is a leading cause of child death in the coastal Sundarbans region of India due to the presence of open water, lack of supervision and poor infrastructure, but no prevention programs are currently implemented. The World Health Organization has identified interventions that may prevent child drowning in rural low-and middle-income country contexts, including the provision of home-based barriers, supervised childcare, swim and rescue training and first responder training. Child health programs should consider the local context and identify barriers for implementation. To ensure the sustainability of any drowning prevention programs implemented, we conducted a qualitative study to identify the considerations for the implementation of these interventions, and to understand how existing governmen<sup>t</sup> programs could be leveraged. We also identified key stakeholders for involvement. We found that contextual factors such as geography, cultural beliefs around drowning, as well as skillsets of local people, would influence program delivery. Government programs such as accredited social health activists (ASHAs) and self-help groups could be leveraged for program implementation, while Anganwadi centres would require additional support due to poor resourcing. Gaining governmen<sup>t</sup> permissions to change Anganwadi processes to provide childcare services may be challenging. The results showed that adapting drowning programs to the Sundarbans context presents unique challenges and program customisation.

**Keywords:** drowning; child health; injury; low-and middle-income country; India; preventative medicine; implementation science; qualitative research
