**3. Results**

The distribution of the study group based on gender and ethnicity is presented in Table 1.


**Table 1.** Distribution of the study group according to gender and ethnicity.

The presence of OSH was noticed in 21 participants (18.1%). According to Fisher's exact test, girls had statistically significant higher odds of presenting OSH than boys (odds ratio (OR) = 3.268, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.108–9.643, *p* = 0.03) (Table 2).



The results of our study showed that the presence of self-inflicted oral lesions is influenced by ethnicity (Chi-square original *p* = 0.04). After applying the Bonferroni correction, the level of statistical significance was adjusted at *p* < 0.0167. Therefore, Romanians had statistically significant lower odds of developing oral self-injuries compared to Roma participants (OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03–0.75, *p* = 0.0164), but there was no significant difference neither between Romanians and Hungarians (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04–1.148, *p* = 0.07), nor between Hungarians and Roma participants (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.24–2.06, *p* = 0.6) (Table 3).



In Table 4 the types of encountered lesions are summarized, based on location and frequency.

**Table 4.** Frequency of oral self-inflicted lesions according to location.


Most lesions were observed at the level of oral commissures (35.48%), followed by buccal mucosa (29.03%) and the upper lip (19.36%). The lowest value was obtained for the frequency of tongue lesions (3.23%). Suggestive clinical and histopathological aspects are presented in Figures 2 and 3a,b.

**Figure 2.** 14-year-old female patient, with a large wound on her upper lip, non-bleeding area of 1 × 2 cm on the non-keratinized mucosa, surrounded by erythema that did not involve the vermilion border.

**Figure 3.** (**a**) A 12-year-old female patient with a white "patch" on the buccal mucosa, resembling leukoplakia; histopathological examination was performed in order to obtain the correct diagnosis; (**b**) exfoliative cytology did not confirm the presence of a premalignant lesion. Intermediate squamous cells (reflecting the accelerate turnover) with slight inflammation (different shape of nuclei, stainability, irregular contour of the nuclear border) (Papanicolaou stain, ×40).
