*2.4. Analyses*

This study used descriptive statistics. Respondents and their responses to each of the three water safety questions were analyzed separately.

The HYS includes the Q x Q analysis tool, publicly available through www.AskHYS.net [14]. This was used to analyze results for HYS questions by cross-tabulating two variables at a time for comparison. Collapsed versions for question responses were used for analysis by selecting the "collapsed" option in the query builder. Chi-Square tests were conducted using Microsoft Excel to estimate *p*-values to inform statistical significance of risk-taking behaviors, risk and protective factors associated with life jacket use and swimming lessons [15].

This Seattle Children's Institutional Review Board deemed that IRB review and approval was not required for this study due to its not involving human subjects.
