*2.11. Western Blot Analysis*

Cells were lysed in YG-lysis buffer (10 mM Trizma, 50 mM NaCl, 30 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 5 mM sodium fluoride, 5 μM ZnCl2, 10% NP40, plus protease inhibitor) and the samples were incubated at 95 ◦C for 5 min. Protein lysates were separated on 10% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. As primary antibodies we used anti-MDA5 (mouse, [13]), anti-Mx (mouse; M143 [32]), anti-PARP (rabbit, cell signaling), anti-RIG-I (mouse, AdipoGen), anti-IRF3 (D6I4C, rabbit, cell signaling), anti-p-IRF3-S396 (4D4G, rabbit, cell signaling), anti-ZIKV NS3 and anti-ZIKV NS5 sera (kind gift from A. Merits, Tartu) and anti-beta-actin-HRP (clone AC-15, Sigma-Aldrich). Detection of the primary antibodies was performed by the use of peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (GE Healthcare).
