*2.2. Cell Lines*

A549, Vero, HEK-293T, Huh-7 replicon-cured, PH5CH8 cells with interferon alpha receptor 1 knockout (IFNAR1−/−), and murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells were routinely cultured in complete Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (cDMEM; Corning, USA) supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS; Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA), 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 10 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 1X antibiotic/antimycotic (Corning), and 1X non-essential amino acids (Corning, Corning, NY, USA). U251-MG cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA), 2 mM L-glutamine, 1.14 mM sodium pyruvate, 1X antibiotic/antimycotic (Corning), and 1X non-essential amino acids (Corning). THP-1 cells were cultured in complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (cRPMI) supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS; Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA), 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 10 mM HEPES, 1X antibiotic/antimycotic (Corning), and 1X non-essential amino acids (Corning). Prior to use in experiments, THP-1 cells were di fferentiated into macrophage-like cells via overnight stimulation with 40 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in cRPMI. Huh-7 WNrep cells were cultured in cDMEM supplemented with 1 mg/mL G418 to select for maintainence of the replicon. During cytokine stimulation, replicon cells were switched to cDMEM without G418 to standardize conditions between these and replicon-cured cells. All cell lines were confirmed as being free of mycoplasma contamination.
