*4.4. Sulfate Content*

The sulfate content of the ultrapurified sulfated fucan Fuc1 was externally analyzed using an Agilent 7500 Series quadrupole ICP-MS. The sulfate content of the hydrolyzed sulfated fucans was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy as previously described [12]. Raman spectra were recorded at room temperature using a Horiba Jobin–Yvon LabRAM HR system equipped with a Raman microscope (HORIBA Ltd., Kyoto, Japan).
