*4.7. Statistical Analysis*

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). SPSS software (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to perform statistics analysis. The results were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's multiple range analysis among the groups using SPSS program. Statistically significance was considered as *P* < 0.05.

### **5. Conclusions**

In conclusion, this study demonstrated that three flavonoids from *A. okamotoanum* such as QU, IQ, and AF suppressed adipogenesis by inhibition of adipogenic key transcription factors and lipogenesis-related proteins, resulting in decrease of TG accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, flavonoids from *A. okamotoanum* promoted lipolysis by down-regulation of lipolytic genes expressions. In particular, IQ effectively suppressed adipogenesis and induced lipolysis by regulation of AMPK signaling among other flavonoids of *A. okamotoanum*. The present study suggests that the flavonoids from *A. okamotoanum* can be the promising agents for the prevention and treatment of obesity.

**Author Contributions:** J.H.K. carried out experiments and wrote the paper. S.L. contributed sample preparation and analysis. E.J.C. supervised the work and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript in its current form.

**Funding:** This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2015R1D1A1A01058868), Republic of Korea. This research was supported by Global PH.D Fellowship Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2016\_H1A2A1906940).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
