*2.1. Chalcone Analogues with the Methoxy Group Have Selective Antiproliferative Activity on Canine Cancer Cell Lines*

First, an assay was performed to determine whether the tested chalcones have antiproliferative activity against normal cells, and if the position of the substituents in the structure has an influence on the potency of such effects. The study showed that normal cells, represented by the NIH/3T3 and J774E.1 cell line, were less sensitive to the antiproliferative action of the tested chalcones than cancer cells. The IC50 value (concentration that inhibits the proliferation of 50% of cells) was determined only for two compounds in case of the NIH/3T3 cell line and four compounds in case of the J77.4.E cell line. These four compounds (**1**, **2**, **6** and **7**) proved to be the most active also in research with the use of cancer cell lines. The curves showing the inhibition of normal cell growth by individual compounds are shown in Figure 1A,B.

While the tested compounds did not show a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of normal cells, their potency in relation to cancer cell lines was visibly different. All the tested compounds had a particularly strong effect on the CLBL-1 cell line, representing the most common type of lymphoma in dogs—diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Other B lymphocytes, from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLB70) were also more sensitive than the others. Natural killer (NK) cells obtained from the rare and refractory form of canine lymphoma were found to be the most resistant. Similarly, but slightly more strongly, the tested compounds acted on the GL-1 cell line, representing canine acute leukemia.

Detailed results in the form of a table containing IC50 values for all tested compounds on all tested cell lines are presented in Table 1. Growth inhibition curves of canine cancer cell lines are shown in Figure 1C–F. % start a new page

**Figure 1.** Concentration-dependent curves presenting the effects of the tested chalcones on viability of normal (**A**,**B**) and canine cancer cell lines (**C**–**F**) after 48 h of incubation with different concentrations of the individual chalcones (1.5, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μM). The values are means from three independent experiments.


*Molecules* **2020** , *25*, 4362

**Table 1.** IC50 values (μM

concentration

 of the tested compounds

 that inhibits the proliferation

 of 50% of cells) for all tested compounds

 and all cell lines used in the

#### *2.2. Chalcone Analogues with the Methoxy Group, at Least Partially, Kill Cancer Cells through Apoptosis*

The substances with the strongest activity in the MTT test were selected for further research on the nature of cell death induced by the studied compounds. To determine the type of cell death induced by the tested chalcones, in the first place, the assay for detection of early signs of apoptosis, which is the externalization of phosphatidylserine, was performed. The study used the two cell lines which were the most sensitive to the tested compounds: CLBL-1 and CLB70 and the compounds with the strongest action: 2- -hydroxy-2--,5---dimethoxychalcone (compound **6**), 2- -hydroxy-4- ,6- -dimethoxychalcone (compound **7**) and initial compound (compound **8**). It was shown that cell death takes place by apoptosis, as confirmed by the statistical analysis of the results. After 48 h of incubation with the tested chalcone analogues at relatively low concentrations of 5 and 10 μM (concentrations harmless to normal cells), both the CLBL-1 and CLB70 cells were found to have a positive reaction with Annexin V, which is evidence of phosphatidylserine externalization and thus the ongoing process of apoptosis. As a result of the actions of the tested compounds, in addition to the population of apoptotic cells, the presence of cells that have already lost the integrity of the cell membrane was found (such a population of cells can also be referred as necrotic). The presence of cells staining positively with propidium iodide, a compound permanently staining the DNA of dead cells, can be explained by the relatively long incubation time used in the study (some of the cells that died by apoptosis had already lost their integrity too). Another explanation assumes that apoptosis is only one of the processes that cells undergo under the influence of the tested chalcones. Detailed results and representative dot plots are shown in Figure 2.

**Figure 2.** Percentage of annexin V positive (apoptotic) cells after 48 h of incubation with the culture medium alone (0) or 5 and 10 μM of the tested chalcones. On the right: representative dot-plots of annexin V/PI staining. The values are means of four independent experiments. \* Considered significant in comparison to the control (*p* < 0.05).

To better explain the type of cell death that cancer cells undergo after treatment with the tested compounds, specific assays were carried out to determine the activity of caspases—the most important enzymes involved in the process of apoptosis. By flow cytometry, it was found that in CLBL-1 and CLB70 cells, after treatment with the tested chalcones, activation of the effector caspase 3 and initiator caspase 8 occur. The observed activation of caspase 3, the most important caspase in the caspase-dependent pathway of apoptosis was not massive and covered only a small percent of cells (about 15%). This result confirms the induction of apoptosis in the cells, but at the same time, indicates that apoptosis is not the only type of cell death of cells treated with the tested compounds. This result is consistent with the result of the Annexin V staining, in which similar percentage of necrotic cells was observed. 2- -Hydroxy-2--,5---dimethoxychalcone (**6**) and initial compound activated caspase

3 the most strongly, whereas 2- -hydroxy-4- ,6- -dimethoxychalcone (**7**) had a slightly weaker effect. More pronounced activation of caspase 3 occurred in the CLBL-1 cell line. Similar results were obtained for caspase 8, which was more strongly activated in the CLBL-1 cells, showing a statistically significantly higher level after treatment with all three compounds. Detailed results along with representative histograms are presented in Figure 3 (caspase 3 activation) and Figure 4 (caspase 8 activation).

**Figure 3.** Percentage of cells with active caspase 3/7 after 48 h of incubation with the culture medium alone (0) or 5 and 10 μM of the tested chalcones. On the right: representative histograms for caspase 3/7 activation. The values are means of four independent experiments. \* considered significant in comparison to the control (*p* < 0.05).

**Figure 4.** Percentage of cells with active caspase 8 after 48 h of incubation with the culture medium alone (0) or 5 and 10 μM of the tested chalcones. On the right: representative histograms for caspase 8 activation. The values are means of four independent experiments. \* considered significant in comparison to the control (*p* < 0.05).

### *2.3. Tested Chalcone Analogues Trigger DNA Damage in Canine Lymphoma*/*Leukemia Cell Lines*

Because the degree of apoptosis induction detected in Annexin V binding assay was lower than expected and did not correlate perfectly with the results of cytotoxicity tests, we decided to check the level of DNA damage as additional marker of potentially lethal events in the cells (leading to cell death and the initiation of the apoptosis process). The study showed that the incubation of CLB70, CNK89 and even the resistant GL-1 cell lines with 2- -hydroxy-2--,5---dimethoxychalcone (**6**), 2- -hydroxy-4- ,6- -dimethoxychalcone (**7**) and initial 2- -hydroxychalcone (**8**) provoked the DNA damaged manifested by increased histone H2AX phosphorylation. Detailed results are presented in Figure 5.

**Figure 5.** Western blot analysis for phosphorylated H2AX of CNK89, CLB70 and GL-1 cell lines after 48 h of incubation with different concentrations (5 and 10 μM) of compound **6**–**8** (**A**–**C**).

### **3. Discussion**

The aim of the presented study was to obtain chalcone analogues with better anticancer properties compared to the parent compound. Because a significant problem in the use of various flavonoids is their poor availability, it was decided to focus on improving properties such as the ability to enter the cell. Therefore, the modification that was made was to create analogues containing a methoxy group instead of a hydroxyl group. Such a change can have a dual effect. Often, the conversion of a hydroxyl to a methoxy group results in a decrease in the biological activity of the flavonoid compound in vitro [16,17]. On the other hand, it was proven that methoxylated flavonoids have the ability to easily penetrate the cells [18]. For example, it was demonstrated that after transferring lung cell lines to the medium containing dimethoxyflavones, within five minutes, the cells accumulated 30–50 times more test compounds than were present in the surrounding buffer [19]. The intracellular transport of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone was approximately 10-fold higher than that of chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone). Moreover, chrysin was rapidly metabolized by the human liver (S9 fraction), with no parent compound remaining after a 20-min incubation. In contrast, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone was metabolically stable over the whole 60-min time-course studied [20,21]. Better absorption and distribution, as well as the

prolonged metabolism of methoxylated flavonoids, makes them even more promising compounds. Furthermore, their oral bioavailability exceeds the bioavailability of hydroxylated flavonoids, which makes them easy to administer [22]. Based on the knowledge of this phenomenon, we decided to create derivatives with a methoxy group and see how such modification affects the antitumor activity in vitro.

In our research, we first decided to check whether the obtained analogues show selective antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. As shown in Figure 2, it turned out that in fact, canine leukemia/lymphoma cells are more sensitive to the action of the obtained chalcones than the normal cell lines used in the study. The potency of the antiproliferative activity of the tested compounds was higher in relation to the cancer cell lines, but the same compounds that most strongly inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells were also the most toxic to normal cells. These compounds were: 2- -hydroxy-2---methoxychalcone (**1**), 2- -hydroxy-3---methoxychalcone (**2**), 2- -hydroxy-2--,5---dimethoxychalcone (**6**) and 2- -hydroxy-4- ,6- -dimethoxychalcone (**7**), the most active of which were the last two. Analyzing the differences in the chemical structure of individual compounds, at this stage of research, it can be concluded that the presence of two methoxy groups, regardless of their position, is responsible for the strength of the cytotoxic activity on normal cell lines. Regarding cancer cell lines, the differences in the potency of all four compounds mentioned above are too small to find conclusions. It seems, however, that the strongest antitumor activity is shown by compounds containing one methoxy group, but only in the position 2 or 3 of the B ring. Derivatives containing a methoxy group in 4 position or containing 3 or more such groups – are characterized by weaker antiproliferative activity. Looking at the table with IC50 values, one more interesting fact can be seen—the lowest IC50 value was observed in relation to the CLBL-1 cell line, for the parent compound—2- -hydroxychalcone (**8**). This effect was observed only for the CLBL-1 cell line and this value does not differ statistically from the values for 2- -hydroxy-2--,5---dimethoxychalcone (**6**) and 2- -hydroxy-4- ,6- -dimethoxychalcone (**7**). The explanation for this observation may be the fact that the CLBL-1 cell line was characterized by very strong sensitivity to all the tested compounds, therefore it is impossible in this case to capture the influence of small differences in the structure of the compounds on their activity against this cell line. However, the observed high sensitivity of the CLBL-1 cell line to the flavonoids may be a valuable therapeutic indication. This cell line was obtained from a dog with the most common type of lymphoma, and if it reflects the sensitivity of the cells of this type of disease then it may be possible to consider more thorough studies on the potential use of this group of compounds in therapy in dogs.

The proapoptotic effect of flavonoids or specifically chalcones is still a frequently discussed subject of scientific research. Numerous scientific reports describe the different strengths and mechanisms of proapoptotic action of compounds from this group [23–26]. In our research, we focused not on studying the mechanism of the induced apoptosis, but on comparing the strength with which various methoxy derivatives of chalcones induce suicidal cell death. Comparing proapoptotic activity 2- -hydroxy-2--,5---dimethoxychalcone (**6**), 2- -hydroxy-4- ,6- -dimethoxychalcone (**7**) and initial 2- -hydroxychalcone (**8**) it was noted that the presence of methoxy groups in positions 2 and 5 in the B ring, affects the potency of the proapoptotic action of the obtained derivatives. 2- -Hydroxy-2--,5---dimethoxychalcone (**6**) showed a clearly stronger proapoptotic activity than the parent compound both in the annexin V and in caspase 3/7 and 8 activity tests. In the case of the CLBL-1 cell line, this difference was less visible, and in relation to caspase 8 the parent compound more strongly caused its cleavage. The presence of two methoxy groups, but at positions 4 and 6- (compound **7**) also increased the proapoptotic activity compared to the parent compound, as clearly seen in studies using the CLB70 cell line. However, this difference could not be confirmed by test using the CLBL-1 cell line. Another important observation was that the potency of the cytotoxic activity of the obtained derivatives with the methoxy group observed in the MTT test significantly exceeded that observed in the apoptosis tests. Because the MTT assay assesses the antiproliferative activity of the tested compounds, it can be concluded that the obtained chalcone derivatives strongly inhibited the proliferation of canine lymphoma/leukemia cells and the induction of apoptosis itself was

slightly weaker. Such action of various chalcones has already been described. In addition to apoptosis, the compounds belonging to the chalcones have also been found to cause cell cycle arrest, which may be both the cause and the effect of the proapoptotic action of this group of compounds [27–30]. Because the mechanism of antitumor action of chalcones, apart from inhibiting cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, also includes regulation of cell survival, invasiveness or angiogenesis [31,32], we decided to additionally check how the introduction of the methoxy group impact DNA damage. One of the mechanisms identified for this action is related to the chalcones' ability to selectively target of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) [31,32]. Published evidence suggests that the presence of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group is the key molecular determinant conferring UPS- and DUBs (deubiquitinating enzymes)-inhibitory activity of different chalcones [33]. Because DUBs are crucial in regulating a variety of cellular pathways, including cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, protein quality control, DNA repair and transcription [34], the ability to inhibit them is an important feature of a potential anti-cancer compound. Inhibiting DUBs activity impairs 20S proteasome proteolytic activities and the cellular deubiquitinating enzymes, leading to increased accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and consequently causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death [35,36]. The effect may be also DNA damage. In the present study it has been clearly demonstrated that both the parent compound and the two strongest derivatives cause DNA damage observed as an increase in histone H2AX phosphorylation. Despite the use in this assay of cell lines (CNK89 and GL-1) slightly less sensitive to the action of chalcones it cannot be unequivocally stated that the obtained derivatives acted more strongly than the parent compound. Such observations can be explained by the lack of influence of methoxy groups on the formation of DNA damage (the presence of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group is rather responsible for such action) and the fact that the observed DNA damage was to some extent an effect of the ongoing apoptosis. However, the strength and extent of the DNA damage found, even in the cancer cell lines more resistant to chalcones, indicates that at least in part, the DNA damage was the cause of the death of the canine lymphoma/leukemia cells.

### **4. Materials and Methods**

1

### *4.1. Compounds*

The chalcone analogues used in the study are numbered from 1 to 8. All were obtained via a Claisen–Schmidt condensation of an appropriate 2-hydroxyacetophenone and a substituted benzaldehyde dissolved in methanol in an alkaline environment at high temperature according to the procedure described previously [37–39]. The structures of the tested chalcones are shown in Figure 6.

**Figure 6.** General scheme for the synthesis of chalcones and structures of obtained methoxy derivatives. The numbering of carbon atoms has been placed on compound **8**.

The resulting compounds were characterized by the following NMR spectral data (Supplementary Materials Figures S1–S29):

*2*- *-Hydroxy-2*--*-methoxychalcone* (**1**). 1H NMR (600 MHz) (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 3.94 (s 3H, -OC*H*3), 6.94 (td, 1H, *J* = 7.8, 0.6 Hz, H-5- ), 6.96 (d, 1H, *J* = 8.8 Hz, H-3--), 7.01 (t, 1H, *J* = 7.5 Hz, H-5--), 7.04 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.3, 0.6 Hz, H-3- ), 7.41 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 8.6, 7.9, 1.5 Hz, H-4--), 7.49 (t, 1H, *J* =8.8, 7.8, 1.4 Hz, H-4- ); 7.65 (dd, 1H, *J* = 7.6, 1.3 Hz, H-6--), 7.78 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.6 Hz, H-2), 7.93 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.0, 1.3 Hz, H-6- ), 8.23 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.6 Hz, H-3); 12.95 (s, 1H, -O*H*). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 55.73 (-O*C*H3), 111.45 (C-3--), 118.67 (C-3- ), 118.88 (C-5- ), 120.33 (C-1- ), 120.94 (C-2), 120.94 (C-5--), 123.76 (C-1--), 129.77 (C-6- ), 129.84 (C-6--), 132.34 (C-4--), 136.28 (C-4- ), 141.27 (C-3), 159.17 (C-2--), 163.71 (C-2- ), 194.44 (C-1).

*2*- *-Hydroxy-3*--*-methoxychalcone* (**2**). 1H NMR (600 MHz) (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 3.87 (s, 3H, -OC*H*3), 6.95 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 8.1, 7.1, 1.1 Hz, H-5- ), 6.99 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.2, 2.4 Hz, H-4--), 7.04 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.4, 0.9 Hz, H-3- ), 7.17 (dd, 1H, *J* = 2.2, 1.1 Hz, H-2--), 7.27 (d, 1H, *J* = 7.7 Hz, H-6--), 7.36 (t, 1H, *J* = 7.9 Hz, H-5--), 7.51 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 8.5, 7.2, 1.3 Hz, 1H, H-4- ), 7.64 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.5 Hz, H-2), 7.89 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.5 Hz, H-3), 7.92 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.1, 1.4 Hz, H-6- ), 12.80 (s, 1H, -O*H*). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 55.55 (-O*C*H3), 113.87 (C-2--), 116.76 (C-4--), 118.80 (C-3- ), 119.01 (C-5- ), 120.16 (C-1- ), 120.58 (C-2), 121.43 (C-6--), 129.81 (C-6- ), 130.19 (C-5--), 136.12 (C-1--), 136.58 (C-4- ) 145.53 (C-3), 160.14 (C-3--), 163.75 (C-2- ), 193.86 (C-1).

*2*- *-Hydroxy-4*--*-methoxychalcone* (**3**). 1H NMR (600 MHz) (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 3.87 (s, 3H, -OC*H*3), 6.94 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 8.1, 7.1, 1.0 Hz, H-5- ), 6.94–6.97 (m, 2H, H-3--, H-5--), 7.02 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.3, 0.8 Hz, H-3- ), 7.49 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 8.5, 7.1, 1.5 Hz, H-4- ), 7.54 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.4 Hz, H-2), 7.63 (m, 2H, H-2--, H-6--), 7.90 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.0 Hz, H-3), 7.93 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.0, 1.3 Hz, H-6- ), 12.95 (s, 1H, -O*H*). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 55.59 (-O*C*H3), 114.66 (C-3--,-5--), 117.74 (C-2), 118.72 (C-3- ), 118.89 (C-5- ), 120.26 (C-1- ), 127.49 (C-1--), 129.67 (C-6- ), 130.69 (C-2--, C-6--), 136.28 (C-4- ), 145.50 (C-3), 162.17 (C-4--), 163.69 (C-2- ), 193.82 (C-1).

*2*- *-Hydroxy-3*--*,4*--*,5*--*-trimethoxychalcone* (**4**). 1H NMR (600 MHz) (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 3.91 (s, 3H, C-4---OC*H*3), 3.94 (s, 6H, C-3---OC*H*<sup>3</sup> and C-5---OC*H*3), 6.89 (s, 2H, H-2- and H-6--), 6.96 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 8.0, 7.2, 1.0 Hz, H-5- ), 7.04 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.4, 1.0 Hz, H-3- ), 7.51 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 8.3, 7.1, 1.4 Hz, H-4- ), 7.54 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.4 Hz, H-2), 7.85 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.5 Hz, H-3), 7.93 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.1, 1.5 Hz, H-6- ), 12.84 (s, 1H, -O*H*). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 56.42 (C-2---O*C*H3 and C-6---O*C*H3), 61.19 (C-4---O*C*H3), 106.08 (C-2--, C-6--), 118.81 (C-3- ), 118.95 (C-5- ), 119.41 (C-2), 120.16 (C-1- ), 129.74 (C-6- ), 130.20 (C-1--), 136.52 (C-4- ), 140.97 (C-4--), 145.79 (C-3), 153.68 (C-3--, C-5--), 163.73 (C-2- ), 193.67 (C-1).

*2*- *-Hydroxy-4*- *,6*- *,3*--*,4*--*,5*--*-pentamethoxychalcone* (**5**). 1H NMR (600 MHz) (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 3.84 (s, 3H, C-4- -OC*H*3), 3.90 (s, 3H, C-4---OC*H*3), 3.91 (s, 3H, C-6- -OC*H*3), 3.91 (s, 6H, C-2---OC*H*<sup>3</sup> and C-6---OC*H*3), 5.96 (d, 1H, *J* = 2.3 Hz, H-5- ), 6.11 (d, 1H, *J* = 2.3 Hz, H-3- ), 6.84 (s, 2H, H-2--, H-6--), 7.70 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.5 Hz, H-3), 7.80 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.5 Hz, H-2), 14.31 (s, 1H, -O*H*). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 55.75 (C-4- -O*C*H3), 55.94 (C-6- -O*C*H3), 56.27 (C-2---O*C*H3 and C-6---O*C*H3), 61.15 (C-4---O*C*H3), 91.46 (C-5- ), 93.97 (C-3- ), 105.69 (C-2--, C-6--), 106.45 (C-1- ), 127.06 (C-2), 131.28 (C-1--), 140.21 (C-4--), 142.54 (C-3), 153.54 (C-3--, C-5--), 162.53 (C-6- ), 166.34 (C-4- ), 169.56 (C-2- ), 192.49 (C-1).

*2*- *-Hydroxy-2*--*,5*--*-dimethoxychalcone* (**6**). 1H NMR (600 MHz) (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 3.83 (s, 3H, C-5---OC*H*3), 3.90 (s, 3H, C-2---OC*H*3), 6.90 (d, 1H, *J* = 9.0 Hz, H-3--), 6.94 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 9.0, 7.2, 0.9 Hz, H-5- ), 6.97 (dd, 1H, *J* = 9.0, 3.1 Hz, H-4--), 7.02 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.4, 1.0 Hz, H-3- ), 7.17 (d, 1H, *J* = 3.1 Hz, H-6--), 7.49 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 8.3, 7.1, 1.5 Hz, H-4- ), 7.75 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.6 Hz, H-2), 7.92 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.1, 1.6 Hz, H-6- ), 8.19 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.6 Hz, H-3), 12.92 (s, 1H, -O*H*). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 56.02 (C-5---O*C*H3), 56.27 (C-2---O*C*H3), 112.63 (C-3--), 114.32 (C-6--), 117.80 (C-4--), 118.70 (C-3- ), 118.91 (C-5- ), 120.31 (C-1- ), 121.17 (C-2), 124.31 (C-1--), 129.85 (C-6- ), 136.34 (C-4- ), 141.05 (C-3), 153.65 (C-5--), 153.73 (C-2), 163.71 (C-2- ), 194.35 (C-1).

*2*- *-Hydroxy-4*- *,6*- *-dimethoxychalcone* (**7**). 1H NMR (600 MHz) (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 3.83 (s, 3H, C-4- -OC*H*3), 3.92 (s, 3H, C-6- -OC*H*3), 5.97 (d, 1H, *J* = 2.4 Hz, H-5- ), 6.11 (d, 1H, *J* = 2.4 Hz, H-3- ), 7.36–7.43 (m, 3H, H-3--, H-4--, H-5--), 7.58–7.62 (m, 2H, H-2--, H-6--), 7.79 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.6 Hz, H-3), 7.91 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.6 Hz, H-2), 14.29 (s, 1H, -O*H*). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 55.72 (C-4---O*C*H3), 55.99 (C-6- -O*C*H3), 91.41 (C-5- ), 93.93 (C-3- ), 106.47 (C-1- ), 127.66 (C-2), 128.48 (C-2- and C-6--), 129.00 (C-3- and C-5--), 130.18 (C-4--), 135.70 (C-1--), 142.45 (C-3), 162.64 (C-6- ), 166.37 (C-4- ), 168.53 (C-2- ), 192.77 (C-1).

*2*- *-Hydroxychalcone* (**8**). 1H NMR (600 MHz) (CDCl3) δ (ppm): 3.94 (s 3H, -OC*H*3), 6.94 (td, 1H, *J* = 7.8, 0.6 Hz, H-5- ), 6.96 (d, 1H, *J* = 8.8 Hz, H-3--), 7.01 (t, 1H, *J* = 7.5 Hz, H-5--), 7.04 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.3, 0.6 Hz, H-3- ), 7.41 (ddd, 1H, *J* = 8.6, 7.9, 1.5 Hz, H-4--), 7.49 (t, 1H, *J* =8.8, 7.8, 1.4 Hz, H-4- ); 7.65 (dd, 1H, *J* = 7.6, 1.3 Hz, H-6--), 7.78 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.6 Hz, H-2), 7.93 (dd, 1H, *J* = 8.0, 1.3 Hz, H-6- ), 8.23 (d, 1H, *J* = 15.6 Hz, H-3); 12.95 (s, 1H, -O*H*). 13C NMR (151 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 55.73 (-O*C*H3), 111.45 (C-3--), 118.67 (C-3- ), 118.88 (C-5- ), 120.33 (C-1- ), 120.94 (C-2), 120.94 (C-5--), 123.76 (C-1--), 129.77 (C-6- ), 129.84 (C-6--), 132.34 (C-4--), 136.28 (C-4- ), 141.27 (C-3), 159.17 (C-2--), 163.71 (C-2- ), 194.44 (C-1).
