3.1.2. MOVES OpMode

Location information in the vehicle trajectory of an individual vehicle was collected from vehicle navigation and DTG data. After the speed per second is calculated with the distance from the change in vehicle location per second, the acceleration per second can be calculated. Then, the vehicle-specific power (VSP) per second is calculated with Equation (1), which is an equation for MOVES VSP [30]. The terms A, B, and C have di fferent values for each vehicle type, and a suitable value for the corresponding vehicle type among the values presented in MOVES should be found and applied. Next, OpMode per second is found among 23 OpModes according to the VSP range and speed range (see Appendixes A–C):

$$P\_{V,t} = \frac{Av\_t + Bv\_t^2 + Cv\_t^3 + mv\_t(a\_t + g\sin\theta\_t)}{m} \tag{1}$$

where *PV*,*t*: VSP (kW/ton) for vehicle *V* at time *t*, *t*: time (s), *vt*: speed (m/s2), *at*: acceleration (m/s2), *m*: weight (ton), A: rolling resistance (KWsec/m), B: rotating term (KWsec2/m2), C: aerodynamic drag term (KWsec3/m3), g: acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2) and θ*t*: road grade (degrees).

After finding the emissions per second corresponding to the OpModes from the emission factor table of the corresponding vehicle type, the emissions from the vehicle are calculated through the aggregation process. When it is necessary to aggregate the emissions by road section on the tra ffic network, the location information per second can be utilized to match the link ID suitable for the node ID and link ID of the tra ffic network, and the emissions for each link can be calculated.

### *3.2. Extraction of Representative OpMode Distribution and Estimation of Micro-Level Emission Factors*
