*Article* **Rare Chromone Derivatives from the Marine-Derived** *Penicillium citrinum* **with Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities**

**Yi-Cheng Chu 1, Chun-Hao Chang 2, Hsiang-Ruei Liao 3, Ming-Jen Cheng 4, Ming-Der Wu 4, Shu-Ling Fu 1,\* and Jih-Jung Chen 5,6,\***


**Abstract:** Three new and rare chromone derivatives, epiremisporine C (**1**), epiremisporine D (**2**), and epiremisporine E (**3**), were isolated from marine-derived *Penicillium citrinum*, together with four known compounds, epiremisporine B (**4**), penicitrinone A (**5**), 8-hydroxy-1-methoxycarbonyl-6 methylxanthone (**6**), and isoconiochaetone C (**7**). Among the isolated compounds, compounds **2**–**5** significantly decreased fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils, with IC50 values of 6.39 ± 0.40, 8.28 ± 0.29, 3.62 ± 0.61, and 2.67 ± 0.10 μM, respectively. Compounds **3** and **4** exhibited cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 43.82 ± 6.33 and 32.29 ± 4.83 μM, respectively, against non-small lung cancer cell (A549), and Western blot assay confirmed that compounds **3** and **4** markedly induced apoptosis of A549 cells, through Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3 *signaling* cascades.

**Keywords:** *Penicillium citrinum*; chromone derivatives; anti-inflammatory activity; anti-cancer activity
