*3.3. Modal Energy Consumption in Private Transport*

This section addresses the second research question in the introduction. Energy consumption by mode can be examined in two ways—energy use per vehicle kilometer traveled (VKT), which is common for cars and something that consumers consider when purchasing a vehicle, or energy use per passenger kilometer traveled (PKT). The latter is more common for public transport, since vehicular energy consumption for higher capacity public transport vehicles is not useful to compare with cars because of the greatly different vehicle sizes and occupancy levels. Therefore, when comparing the relative energy use between modes, energy use per passenger kilometers is used.
