3.1.4. Hourly Analysis

The hourly average load profiles in a year are provided in Figure 13 based on the expression in Equation (8). Figure 13 also illustrates the seasonal hourly average load profiles, where the load profiles for Wepro-LPG are shown in dashed lines and the load profiles for Wepro-ALPG are shown in solid lines. The Winter load profiles are shown in red, the Spring load profiles are shown in purple, the Summer load profiles are shown in green and the Autumn load profiles are shown in blue, where the hourly average load profiles in a year are shown in grey bold lines.

The Wepro-ALPG curve illustrates an increasing load from 5 am and reaches the morning peak around 7 am. Then, the load decreases gradually until 9 am and increases again to 10 am. After that, the curve remains flat from 10 am to 1 pm although there is a subtle peak in between around 12 am or during lunchtime. It is then increases slightly from 1 pm to 3 pm, and after 3 pm the curve is increasing significantly and is reaching the evening peak around 6 pm. Furthermore, after 6 pm the curve is decreasing gradually until midnight. After that, the curve remains flat until 5 am. While for the Wepro-LPG, the morning peak starts to increase significantly from 5 am and reaches the peak at 6 am. After 6 am, the curve is gradually decreasing until 4 pm although there is a subtle peak around 11 am. It starts to increase again significantly and reaches the evening peak at 7 pm. The curve decreases

significantly after 7 pm to midnight. Furthermore, it remains quite flat until 3 am. There is a slightly increase load between 3 am to 5 am before the morning peak.

**Figure 13.** The hourly average load share in a year and the hourly average load share in each season based on the results of Wepro-LPG and Wepro-ALPG models.

Furthermore, the hourly average load per season for both models indicate the consistent curve shape within the season and model, either Wepro LPG or Wepro ALPG. The winter curve indicates the highest load profile among the hourly season curves, and it is more obvious for Wepro-ALPG whereas the winter's curve is shown as the highest load and slightly followed by autumn's curve for Wepro-LPG. The demand peaks show similarity with the hourly average in a year as the top peak is in the evening, followed by the morning peak and a subtle peak during the lunch time, with both models identifying the same peak hours as the peak hours for the hourly average in a year. In general, Wepro-LPG's load profiles for all seasons have higher load share than the Wepro-ALPG's load share for all seasons during the day. Conversely, the Wepro-ALPG's load indicate longer peak share than the Wepro-LPG's load during the night time.
