*2.1. Eligibility Criteria*

Inclusive criteria were as follows: (P) studies that include post-weaning inbred or outbred laboratory mice. Neonatal/pre-weaning mice were excluded; (I) studies that evaluated recovery, non-surgical blood sampling techniques. Included techniques were: sublingual, retrobulbar sinus, facial, tail sampling methods, and saphenous vein. Studies that examined both one-o ff and serial sampling were eligible for inclusion; (C) studies were included that compared the intervention to no blood sample, or other included recovery sample method. Studies with no control group

(observational studies) were also eligible for inclusion; (O) outcomes such as mortality, quantifiable measures of mouse well-being such as behavior change, bodyweight change, morbidity and quantifiable measures of sample quality such as hemolysis were included. Outcomes in either the immediate post-sampling period or over the longer term were considered for inclusion; and (S) experimental and quasi-experimental study designs including randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials, and before and after studies were eligible for inclusion. Observational studies were considered for inclusion.
