Hoggan (1837–1891)

George Hoggan had worked in Bernard's laboratory in Paris and published an "extraordinarily powerful" letter in the London *Morning Post* on the 2 February1875 describing Bernard's underuse of anaesthetics and over-use of curare. He wrote: "We sacrificed daily from one to 3 dogs, besides rabbits and other animals, and after four years' experience, I am of the opinion that not one of those experiments on animals was justified or necessary" [38]. Frustrated with the Commission's rate of progress, Cobbe, George Hoggan and others formed the "Victoria Street Society for the Protection of Animals from Vivisection" on 2 December 1875 [39]. Initially a non-abolitionist society, it aimed to protect laboratory animals by regulation. Along with the seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, the new society formulated a second Bill. The Cruelty to Animals Act [40] reached the statute book on 15 August 1876 and required that:

*"animals must during the whole of the experiment be under the influence of some anaesthetic of su*ffi*cient power to prevent the animal feeling pain"*
