**Abbreviations**

The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:


## **Appendix A. Supplementary Tables**

**Table A1.** Simulation results for average (by household type) annual space heating demand, domestic hot water demand, and electricity consumption of household devices. For each household type, 12 construction year classes with 3 energy refurbishment variants each were considered.


**Table A2.** Calculated electricity consumption, heat generation, and efficiency of eHP systems for different types of single-family homes (average of the five household types).



**Table A3.** Calculated natural gas consumption, heat generation and primary energy ratio (ratio heat output/fuel input) of geHP systems for different types of single-family homes (average of the five household types).

**Table A4.** Annual costs (CAPEX, O&M, fuel) in euros/year and emissions in t CO2-eq/year for different heat generators in a single-family home, construction year period E (built between 1958 and 1968).



**Table A5.** Annual costs (CAPEX, O&M, fuel) in euros/year and emissions in t CO2-eq/year for different heat generators in a single-family home, construction year period L (built in 2016 or later).

**Table A6.** Statistical description of overall annualized heat pump investments and yearly energy costs in 1000 euros/a for each case (20 allocations per case). Q1, Q2, and Q3 represent 25%, 50%, and 75% quartiles.


**Table A7.** Statistical description of required natural gas and low voltage grid investments in 1000 euros for each case (20 different allocations per case).





