4.3.1. The Group Model

To test the effect of the manipulation (congruent vs. control messages) on phase changes, we included as predictors a passive control group (C1), an active control group (C2), and the experimental group (Ex) into the model. We performed the regression analysis, in which we compared these groups using the contrasts. Specifically, we compared C1 to Ex and C2 to Ex. Even though C1 and C2 had slightly different procedures, we also examined possible difference between joined control groups (C1 + C2) and the experimental group (Ex). The analysis yielded the following results. The omnibus group model was not significantly different from the null model, and the AIC value (853.54) was bigger than the value of null model (849.35). Based on these results, we inferred that experimental manipulation was not successful as assignments to the groups were not significant predictors of the phase change. Therefore, we do not report specific results for contrasts' analyses.
