**Preface to "Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Revolution"**

Human beings and goods rely heavily on safe and effective transportation, which forms a basic component of the maintainence of good economic and social development. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), annual road traffic deaths and injuries have reached 1.35 million and 50 million, respectively. As part of logistical management, goods are expected to be delivered via optimal routes. Today's smart-city visions aim at improving the operation of all sectors via transforming data into valuable information. The concept of internet-of-things (IoT) provides a scalable architecture for data collection and transmission. into smart city with the convergence of advanced technologies.

Based on the statistics from Web of Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a wide range of approaches (e.g., statistical, symbolic, cybernetics, and brain simulation) and tools (e.g., statistical learning, classifier, probabilistic reasoning, and optimization), to help cities evolve Science, increasing attention, reflected by the number of research publications (including article, review, proceedings paper, and editorial), has been paid to intelligent/smart transportation since 2007. The number of research publications using field tags for topics of intelligent transportation, intelligent transport, smart transportation, or smart transport between 2007 and 2019 has increased from 180 to 1876 per year. Particularly, the average percentage increase in the number of research publications was 51.6% from 2014 to 2019.

This Special Issue is intended to provide high-quality research on recent advances in AI and IoT in the transportation revolution, more specifically, state-of-the-art theories, methodologies and systems for the design, development, deployment, and innovative use of those convergence technologies to providing insight into the theoretical and technological revolution in transportation science and engineering. Special attention is paid to collision avoidance in surface ships, indoor localization, vehicle authentication, traffic signal control, path-planning of unmanned ships, driver drowsiness and stress detection, vehicle density estimation, maritime vessel flow forecast, and vehicle license plate recognition.

Various intelligent transportation applications are closely linked to and support some sustainable development goals. All member states of United Nations agreed to build a strong partnership to meet 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) and 169 targets in 2015. Some of these targets are related to intelligent transportation. SDG Goal 3 Target 3.6 aims to reduce the number of traffic deaths and injuries by 50%. Besides driver drowsiness and stress recognition, driver distraction recognition could help to ensure that the driver concentrates on he front view (actual road condition) to achieve the vision of the smart city as a safe city. SDG Goal 7 aims to provide clean and affordable energy. For all kinds of transportation, energy is consumed. Various studies have applied artificial intelligence and internet-of-things to enhance the cleanliness and affordability of energy. SDG Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth states that transportation forms the foundation of environmental degradation, energy consumption, and economic growth. This foundation is closely linked to SDG Goal 9, industry, innovation, and infrastructure. The visions of SDG Goal 11 Target 11.2 include expanding public transport, improving road safety, and providing access to sustainable transport systems. In SDG Goal 12 Target 12.C, fossil-fuel subsidies are expected to be phased out. For SDG Goal 14, related to oceans, seas, and marine resources, 30% of carbon dioxide emission is dissolved into the ocean.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the professional staff at MDPI for their qualitative work and valuable support, as well as to all the contributors and reviewers that made this edition possible. We look forward to seeing more researchers conducting research on intelligent transportation, particularly those relying on the internet of things and artificial intelligence.

> **Miltiadis D. Lytras, Kwok Tai Chui, Ryan Wen Liu** *Editors*
