*3.3. LCA Study—System Boundaries Definition*

The system boundaries for both scenarios are based on the technological description of each system (Figures 1 and 2). Scenario 1 (case study 1) includes all the described technological segments of fuel management, carbonate loop with carbonate production chain, gasification and purification processes, combustion of the syngas, steam gas cycle with electricity production, and CO2 capture.

Scenario 2 (case study 2) was proposed in a previous study [4]. The system boundaries for the adsorption process includes the fuel supply chain for the power unit, sorbent supply chain for adsorption process, and the NaOH treatment process. Moreover, the boundaries consider the operational part of the power unit including energy production, fuel combustion, flue gas treatment, CO2 adsorption process, and treatment of the waste products.

Both scenarios are including CO2 compression (CO2 compressed to 10–11 MPa). The further CO2 transport and storage are not included in the system boundaries due to lack of current scenarios for the storage of the captured CO2 in Czech conditions. The assumption is to sell the captured CO2 as a viable product for greenhouse farming or algae-based CO2 conversion.

#### *3.4. Life Cycle Inventory*

The inventory data for both scenarios are based on the Czech operational power units in the conditions of the Czech national energy mix. The actual operational data was taken from the reference power unit of 250 MWe. In the case of post-combustion by activated carbon adsorption, data was calculated to comply with the dimensions of the 250 MWe power unit. In the case of IGCC-CaL, the whole system was designed and simulated for dimensions comparable with the 250 MWe power unit.

Inventory data for scenario 1 (Table 2) was collected from data calculated by experts based on operational parameters of the power unit. The data is the subject of the national research project [12].


**Table 2.** Basic inventory data for scenario 1.

The composition of syngas [12] is described in the following table (Table 3).

**Table 3.** Syngas composition after gasification and carbon dioxide removal.


Inventory data for the scenario 2 is described in Table 4. Inventory data for PCC-A was (like in case study 1) optimized by calculations based on the operational parameters of the power unit. Data for operational power unit without CCT was obtained from the actual operation of 250 MWe unit [13].

The following table (Table 5) shows the differences between both scenarios in terms of energy consumption for both systems with implemented carbon capture systems, percentage of captured CO2 and differences in the thermal efficiency before and after carbon capture implementation.


**Table 4.** Basic inventory data for scenario 2.

**Table 5.** Differences in significant technological parameters of both scenarios.


Moreover, these additional assumptions were taken into consideration for both scenarios:

