*2.1. Goal and Scope*

In this study, four electric vehicle types representing different vehicle technologies (BEV and PHEV) and battery options (LFP and NMC) have been discussed. Qin 300 (BEV-LFP), Qin 80 (PHEV-LFP), Qin 450 (BEV-NMC), and Qin 100 (PHEV-NMC) were chosen as the representative vehicles and the related information is mainly provided by its manufacturer, BYD, a major leading electric vehicle maker in China [14]. The choice of Qin series is due to its high market share, which contributed to 7% of the total new electric vehicles in the first half year of 2018. Especially in the PHEV market, Qin PHEV models account for 23.8% in the same period. Besides, choosing the vehicles from one plant allows a comparable basis for comparison, such as the comparative size and class of vehicles, the same modeling approach of energy efficiency, and unwanted variations in the production line are greatly avoided.
