*Intervention:*


	- administering different types or quantities of pharmacotherapies based on evidence of biological differences in drug metabolism/effectiveness
	- timing tobacco-cessation intervention for young women based on the menstrual cycle (hormonal fluctuations impact withdrawal)
	- address gender-based violence
	- provide social support
	- address caregiving
	- address poverty
	- address negative gender stereotypes
	- include education or messaging on gender norms/relations
	- address employment issues/work-related stress
	- address discrimination and violence related to gender identity

Interventions to address these four substances are:

	- -Opioid use for cancer pain management will be excluded

Note: Methadone maintenance therapy will only be included if it is provided to opioid users (i.e., exclude if provided to treat substances outside of scope such as cocaine).
