*2.3. Analyses*

#### 2.3.1. Evaluation of Cell Growth

During the fermentation, cell concentrations were evaluated as viable cell counts and expressed as number of colony forming units (cfu)/mL at the di fferent sampling times. Viable plate count was carried out both on lysine agar (LA medium; Oxoid Unipath, Hampshire, UK), and Wallerstein Laboratory nutrient agar medium (WL medium; Oxoid Unipath, Hampshire, UK) [40] to estimate the non-*Saccharomyces* yeas<sup>t</sup> and the total yeas<sup>t</sup> population, respectively.
