**6. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate**

Clinical samples were collected from Taipei Medical University (Taipei, Taiwan). All enrolled patients gave written informed consent for their tissues to be used for scientific research. The study was approved by the IRB of the Taipei Medical University (IRB: N201801070 and N201602060), consistent with the recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki for biomedical research (Taipei Medical University (Taipei, Taiwan) and following standard institutional protocol for human research. Moreover, the animal study protocol was approved by the Animal Care and User Committee at Taipei Medical University (Taipei, Taiwan) (Affidavit of Approval of Animal Use Protocol# Taipei Medical University—LAC-2017-0512).

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/7/959/s1, Supplementary Materials: Figure S1: Full-size blots of Figure 1D, Figure S2: Full-size blots of Figure 2A, Figure S3: Full-size blots of Figure 3C, Figure S4: Full-size blots of Figure 4C, Figure S5: Full-size blots of Figure 5F, Figure S6: Flowchart of GBM cell lines and GAMs from clinical human GBM specimen isolation, Figure S7: Flowchart of exosome isolation, Figure S8: Flowchart of GBM cell lines either treated with exosomes or mimics or inhibitors, Table S1. Primer sequences used in this study, Table S2. Western blot antibody sheet.

**Author Contributions:** Conceived and designed the study: H.-Y.C. and Y.-K.S. Performed the experiments: H.-W.L. and C.-H.C. Analyzed the data: S.-C.C. and D.-Y.C. Bioinformatics: S.-Z.L. Wrote the manuscript: H.-Y.C. and Y.-K.S. Provided reagents, materials, experimental infrastructure, and administrative oversight: Y.-S.C. and C.-M.L. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan grant to Chien-Min Lin (MOST 107-2314-B-038 −056 -MY3) and grants to Yu-Kai Su (MOST 107-2314-B-038-022). This study was also supported by grants from Taipei Medical University, Taiwan (106-FRP-03) to Chien-Min Lin.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors thank the laboratory assistant Mr. Iat-Hang Fong (Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital) for his technical assistance.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no potential financial competing interests from which they may in any way gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript presently or in the future. Additionally, no nonfinancial competing interests are involved in the manuscript.
