**4. Conclusions**

In this study, we describe a framework in which a thermal–electrical coupled ECM for a cooling system of a battery pack is constructed with a detailed 3D model. It is confirmed that the ECM has the same accuracy as the 3D model, which is validated through experimental results. The conclusions are described as follows:


**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, T.Y. (Takumi Yamanaka) and T.Y. (Tatsuya Yamaue); methodology, T.Y. (Takumi Yamanaka), D.K. and Y.T.; software, T.Y. (Takumi Yamanaka); validation, T.Y. and D.K.; formal analysis, T.Y.; investigation, T.Y.; resources, T.Y.; data curation, T.Y.; writing—original draft preparation, T.Y.; writing—review and editing, T.Y., Y.T. and T.Y. (Tatsuya Yamaue); visualization, T.Y. (Takumi Yamanaka); supervision, T.Y. (Tatsuya Yamaue); project administration, T.Y.; funding acquisition, T.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
