*Article* **Patterned Piezoelectric Sca**ff**olds for Osteogenic Di**ff**erentiation**

**Teresa Marques-Almeida 1,2, Vanessa F. Cardoso 1,3, Miguel Gama 2, Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez 4,5,\* and Clarisse Ribeiro 1,2,\***


Received: 25 September 2020; Accepted: 5 November 2020; Published: 7 November 2020

**Abstract:** The morphological clues of scaffolds can determine cell behavior and, therefore, the patterning of electroactive polymers can be a suitable strategy for bone tissue engineering. In this way, this work reports on the influence of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) electroactive micropatterned scaffolds on the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. For that, micropatterned P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds were produced by lithography in the form of arrays of lines and hexagons and then tested for cell proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast cell line. Results show that more anisotropic surface microstructures promote bone differentiation without the need of further biochemical stimulation. Thus, the combination of specific patterns with the inherent electroactivity of materials provides a promising platform for bone regeneration.

**Keywords:** piezoelectric; electroactive; patterning; cell differentiation; bone tissue engineering
