**3. Methods**

### *3.1. Study Design*

The present study represents a cross-sectional assessment of domestic violence organizations in U.S. resettlement cities. A comprehensive list of domestic violence organizations in every resettlement city in the U.S. was identified using the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence's (NCADV) state-by-state online search tool. According to the U.S. Department of State, there are 212 resettlement cities in the United States. Resettlement cities were the geographic target because agencies in these locales were more likely to have some familiarity with refugee communities. In total, we identified 301 domestic violence organizations in these 212 resettlement cities. Only agencies who operated shelter services were included in the sampling frame. Executive director emails were obtained via web searches and by calling organizations for confirmation. After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, the online survey was sent to all 301 identified executive directors. Approximately 24 emails bounced, bringing the total sampling frame to 277 domestic violence organizations. In total, 78 individuals responded to the survey on behalf of their agency following 2 reminder emails over the course of 6 weeks. Of these 78 responses, 70 were valid and complete. Ultimately, we obtained a 28% response rate—low numbers likely due in part to the heavy workload of executive directors and the hesitance of these individuals to speak as experts on the survey topic. In the end, DV agencies from resettlement cities in 31 states responded to the survey, demonstrating a wide range of geographic diversity. It is important to note that the sampling frame represents DV agencies in resettlement cities only, and not a national sample of DV agencies more broadly.
