*Article* **A Qualitative Case Study on Influencing Factors of Parents' Child Abuse of North Korean Refugees in South Korea**

## **Wonjung Ryu and Hyerin Yang \***

The Center for Social Welfare Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; wjryu514@gmail.com **\*** Correspondence: rinyang0103@gmail.com; Tel.: +82-10-3443-8712

Received: 2 December 2020; Accepted: 30 December 2020; Published: 5 January 2021

**Abstract:** The purpose of this study is to investigate the influencing factors of parental child abuse by North Korean refugees who are living in South Korea. In-depth interviews were conducted with five parents who escaped from North Korea. The study identified three categories of factors impacting child abuse: the weakening of family functions from past experiences before and after defection, the stress of adapting to the culture of an unfamiliar society, and low parenting self-efficacy. North Korean parents suffered from emotional and functional crises from past traumatic events and, at the same time, experienced additional acculturative stress as a "minority" after entering South Korea, even as they continued to deal with Maternal Parenting Stress. These complex factors have been shown to lead to child abuse in migrant societies. This study contemplated the context of child abuse through specific examples. The results could provide thoughtful insights into child abuse among migrants and refugee parents, and provide evidence-based intervention plans for its prevention.

**Keywords:** North Korean refugees; child abuse; acculturative stress; parenting self-efficacy; qualitative case study
