**Ways Forward for Advancing Ecosystem Services in Municipal Planning—Experiences from Stockholm County**

#### **Sara Khoshkar 1,\*, Monica Hammer 2, Sara Borgström 1 and Berit Balfors 1**


Received: 4 August 2020; Accepted: 25 August 2020; Published: 26 August 2020

**Abstract:** This case study from Stockholm County, Sweden, explores practitioners' experiences of barriers and bridges in municipal planning practices to support actions for ecosystem services. This qualitative study is based on information gathered from a focus group, workshops, and semi-structured interviews, which aided in identifying key factors for integrating ecosystem services in municipal planning. We identified 10 key factors divided into three themes: (i) regulatory framework and political support, (ii) local organizational capacity, and (iii) local adaptation of tools and practices. In particular, the practitioners pointed to the need for the development of legal support and regulations for ecosystem services on the national and EU policy levels. Furthermore, the need for local capacity building and understanding of ecosystem services as well as increased regional support to enhance local knowledge exchange and learning was emphasized. Also, in a decentralized local governance system such as in Sweden, to fully implement ecosystem services in urban planning for sustainable development, locally adapted practical tools and monitoring procedures were considered important.

**Keywords:** capacity building; ecosystem services; municipal planning practice; urban governance
