**6. Comparison with Previous Work**

It would be better to use the coefficient of static torque than static torque for comparison, but in the present paper, the same outcome would have been achieved because the present study and [3] used the same dimensions and conditions.

Figure 21 shows the relation between static torque and the rotation angle at an air velocity of 15.8 m/s as determined in an experimental study [3] and in the present numerical study on the IceWind turbine. The same trend was observed. The static torque was found to have two peaks at θ = 60◦ and 240◦ in both studies. Moreover, the present numerical results gave slightly lower values than the experimental results. The IceWind turbine reached maximum values of 0.055 and 0.064 Nm for the numerical and experimental studies [3], respectively. This deviation may be due to the experimental conditions and numerical assumptions made.

**Figure 21.** Relation between static torque and the rotation angle for the IceWind turbine at an air velocity of 15.8 m/s in the numerical and experimental [3] studies.
