**5. Conclusions**

In this research, cement pastes with different graphene/cement ratio were prepared. Their rheological characteristics of the paste samples were determined from the flow curves of paste using a variety of rheological models, and attained values were analyzed and discussed. After that, hardened properties of the paste were investigated and discussed. Piezo-resistive characteristics of the graphene cement composite were also explored and its practical application was investigated in the laboratory. The following are the conclusions of this research:


Based on above findings, graphene cement composite provides an economical and efficient solution for monitoring the structural health of the concrete members throughout their life span.

**Acknowledgments:** This research was supported by University Malaya Research Grant (UMRG-Project No. RP004A/13AET), University Malaya Postgraduate Research Fund (PPP-Project No. PG217–2014B) and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, Ministry of Education, Malaysia (FRGS-Project No. FP004–2014B).

**Author Contributions:** Sardar Kashif Ur Rehman and Zainah Ibrahim conceived and designed the experiments; Muhammad Faisal Javed and Sardar Kashif Ur Rehman performed the experiments; Sardar Kashif Ur Rehman and Shazim Ali Memon analyzed the data; Zainah Ibrahim contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; and Sardar Kashif Ur Rehman, Rao Arsalan Khushnood and Shazim Ali Memon wrote the paper.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
