*3.2. Plant Material and Insects*

All plants and insects were collected in June over four years (2016–2019) at various field locations in Sweden. *Ophrys insectifera* were sourced from several populations across the central parts of Öland. Flowers were kept in cooler boxes (ca. 4 ◦C) while transported to the laboratory, where they were either sampled with solid-phase microextraction (SPME), extracted with hexane, dichloromethane or methanol, or kept as baiting flowers to collect male insects. Male *Argogorytes mystaceus* were collected from *O. insectifera* flowers on stems (20 flowers) near Torslunda, Öland or near Södertälje, Södermanland. Female *Argogorytes fargeii* were collected from food plants, *Pastinaca sativa*, near Långöre, Öland.
