*Article* **Automated Volume Status Assessment Using Inferior Vena Cava Pulsatility**

### **Luca Mesin 1,\*, Silvestro Roatta 2, Paolo Pasquero 3 and Massimo Porta 3**


Received: 14 September 2020; Accepted: 7 October 2020; Published: 13 October 2020

**Abstract:** Assessment of volume status is important to correctly plan the treatment of patients admitted and managed by cardiology, emergency and internal medicine departments. Non-invasive assessment of volume status by echography of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a promising possibility, but its clinical use is limited by poor reproducibility of current standard procedures. We have developed new algorithms to extract reliable information from non-invasive IVC monitoring by ultrasound (US) imaging. Both long and short axis US B-mode video-clips were taken from 50 patients, in either hypo-, eu-, or hyper-volemic conditions. The video-clips were processed to extract static and dynamic indexes characterizing the IVC behaviour. Different binary tree models (BTM) were developed to identify patient conditions on the basis of those indexes. The best classifier was a BTM using IVC pulsatility indexes as input features. Its accuracy (78.0% when tested with a leave-one-out approach) is superior to that achieved using indexes measured by the standard clinical method from M-mode US recordings. These results were obtained with patients in conditions of normal respiratory function and cardiac rhythm. Further studies are necessary to extend this approach to patients with more complex cardio-respiratory conditions.

**Keywords:** inferior vena cava; ultrasound imaging; binary tree model; pulsatility; fluid volume assessment
