*2.1. Patient Selection*

This retrospective study was granted a waiver of informed consent by the institutional review board (IRB) at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) for use of human subject data in a research study. An institutional prostate cancer database was searched to identify patients who had both a (1) prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and a (2) magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound (MRI/TRUS) fusion biopsy between September 2014 and August 2018. The inclusion criteria for this study included patients who had an mpMRI with subsequent 12-core Artemis 3D TRUS (Eigen, Grass Valley, CA, USA) and MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy using Artemis and ProFuse software (Eigen, Grass Valley, CA, USA) at the University of California, Irvine. An MRI/TRUS fusion biopsy was included as criteria because the prostate organ ground truth was segmented for these patients.
