*7.1. Environment-Based Factors*

Environmental conditions with sustained high temperatures predispose animals to harmful heat load. When hot conditions also include low diurnal temperature fluctuations, animals are further predisposed to harmful heat load. This limits an animal's opportunity to lose heat gained during the previous day and can compound the effects of subsequent heat load. Humid conditions further reduce the capacity for animals to lose gained heat. Hot, humid conditions with low diurnal fluctuation are often encountered during the voyages of livestock transport ships to the Middle East in the Northern Hemisphere summer [13].
