*3.3. Unloading*

Truck parking at the ramp and cattle unloading were observed by the researchers. It was assessed as correctly in 93.7% of all cases. The behavior of the animals on the truck was calm in 69.0% of all cases, when leaving the truck, 80.3% of all cases behaved calm. There was a correlation between the behavior on the truck and when leaving the truck, (r = 0.294 *p* < 0.000). The average unloading time was 5 min and 54 s ( ±03:54) with a minimum of 01:09 and a maximum of 30:21. In 79.6% of unloading events sticks and/or electric cattle prods were used to force animals off the truck as see in Table 2. Hard shouts were used in 59.5% of all cases and hard sounds in 19.4% of all cases. The average number of people interfering with the unloading of cattle was one in 70.7%, two in 26% and three or more in 3.3% of all unloading events.

**Table 2.** The use of devices when unloading cattle.


In Table 3 the average number of bruises per animal is presented in relation to the various ways of unloading. The correlations between the various ways of unloading and number of bruises per animal were low and not significant.

**Table 3.** Average number of bruises per animal with the various ways of unloading.

