*Article* **Exploring E-Waste Resources Recovery in Household Solid Waste Recycling**

**Muhammad Mobin Siddiqi 1, Muhammad Nihal Naseer 1,\*, Yasmin Abdul Wahab 2,\*, Nor Aliya Hamizi 2, Irfan Anjum Badruddin 3, Mohd Abul Hasan 4, Zaira Zaman Chowdhury 2, Omid Akbarzadeh 2, Mohd Rafie Johan <sup>2</sup> and Sarfaraz Kamangar <sup>3</sup>**


Received: 30 July 2020; Accepted: 21 August 2020; Published: 27 August 2020

**Abstract:** The ecosystem of earth, the habitation of 7.53 billion people and more than 8.7 million species, is being imbalanced by anthropogenic activities. The ever-increasing human population and race of industrialization is an exacerbated threat to the ecosystem. At present, the global average waste generation per person is articulated as 494 kg/year, an enormous amount of household waste (HSW) that ultimately hits 3.71 <sup>×</sup> 1012 kg of waste in one year. The ultimate destination of HSW is a burning issue because open dumping and burning as the main waste treatment and final disposal systems create catastrophic environmental limitations. This paper strives to contribute to this issue of HSW management that matters to everyone's business, specifically to developing nations. The HSW management system of the world's 12th largest city and 24th most polluted city, Karachi, was studied with the aim of generating possible economic gains by recycling HSWs. In this regard, the authors surveyed dumping sites for sample collection. The sample was segregated physically to determine the content type (organic, metals, and many others). Afterward, chemical analysis on AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) of debris and soil from a landfill site was performed. HSW is classified and quantified into major classes of household materials. The concentrations of e-waste [Cu], industrial development indicator [Fe], and the main component of lead-acid storage batteries [Pb] are quantified as 199.5, 428.5, and 108.5 ppm, respectively. The annual generation of the aforementioned metals as waste recovery is articulated as 1.2 <sup>×</sup> 106, 2.6 <sup>×</sup> 106 and 6.5 <sup>×</sup> 105 kg, respectively. Significantly, this study concluded that a results-based metal recovery worth 6.1 million USD is discarded every year in HSW management practices.

**Keywords:** household solid waste; metal recovery value; socio-economic benefits; waste composition of Karachi-Pakistan; waste management; waste recycling
