**2. Grid-Connected MG System**

Figure 1 shows the structure of the proposed grid-connected MG that includes DG, photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) units and controllable demands; it is connected to the main grid. MGOs can sell surplus power or buy insufficient power through interactions with the main grid, and they can request demand reduction from the customers using the DR program [28,29].

**Figure 1.** Proposed grid-connected microgrid (MG) system.
