*6.1. System Data*

To verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach, a simulation is conducted on the modified grid-connected MG system consisting of three DG units, one 40-MW PV system, and one 30-MW wind farm [25]. Table 1 lists each DG characteristic, including the min/max power limit, generation costs, and emission coefficients [32]. The operation costs for the wind farm and PV system include maintenance and investment costs of 30.8\$/MWh and 23.4\$/MWh, respectively [32].


**Table 1.** Diesel generation (DG) profiles.

Table 2 depicts the hourly demand and generation power of RES, which are calculated for wind speeds and solar irradiation in the east coast of the USA [32]. Table 3 shows the market price and DR incentive over the 24-h period [38]. The pollutant emission violation fee is set to 6.34\$/kg [39]. The maximum DR capacity is assumed to be 10% of the total demand for each hour, while the maximum power flow capacity between MG and the main grid is 30 MW. The proposed WU-ABC algorithm has been applied to solve the associated CEED problem. To that end, we used MATLAB R2020a installed on a personal laptop with a 2.90 GHz core i5-9400F processor and 16 GB RAM. A simulation is run with 30 food sources and 300 iterations for 100 repeated trials, and the weighting update rate is set to 1.


**Table 2.** Demand and forecasted hourly output of RES.


**Table 3.** Market price and DR incentive.
