3.2.2. IEEE 2030

This standard is a series of standards clarifying the SG Interoperability Reference Model (SGIRM). In part seven it proposes specification of MG controllers and represents MG control system functional framework [43,44].

#### **4. MG Communication Technologies**

In this section, to conform with the role of the hierarchical level of communication in MG, relevant technologies will be introduced. Technologies are partitioned into two groups: wired and wireless technologies.

## *4.1. Wired Technologies*

Wired technologies, which can be used in MG, consist of PLC and ethernet at HAN and FAN level, Coaxial Cable and DSL in FAN level, and Fiber Optic in WAN level. Implementation of wired technologies costs more than wireless, especially in MG, since it is usually located in remote places, although they are not battery-dependent like wireless and are less affected by interference. However, the huge amount of interaction between sensors, actuators, meters, and controllers to provide smart MG makes it an inevitable technology. As our focus in this paper is wireless technologies, we just consider PLC, which is a legacy technology widely used for information communication in the power system for many years with low-cost implementation, as it uses transmission lines to interchange data by ultra-high frequency (UHF). This specification will be affected by the noise of other connected devices to the network. Ultra-Narrow Band PLC (UNBPLC), Narrow Band PLC (NBPLC), and Broad Band PLC (BBPLC), are three different categories of PLC deploying in MG. Wired technologies, characteristics, applications, and obstacles are represented in Table 4 [26,45].
