**5. Conclusions**

Landscape and fragment-scale factors interact in shaping predation pressure by arthropods in natural grassland fragments. Thus, the edge e ffect was stronger in small forest-steppes and isolated kurgan fragments. Although our data were obtained only during a single year, our study assessing predation in seminatural grasslands improved our understanding of responses of predators to di fferent local and landscape factors. Our study emphasizes that a multispatial scale approach is needed for the effective assessment of ecosystem functions, which may contribute to the conservation and maintenance of high-value seminatural grasslands.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/1/54/s1, Figure S1: (a) Sampling sites on forest-steppes; (b) Sampling sites on kurgans. Aerial image was obtained from Google Earth.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, P.B. and R.G.; methodology, R.G. and P.B.; formal analysis, D.K, P.B., R.G.; investigation, K.K.-R., Á.R.S., T.L., D.K.; resources, P.B.; writing—original-draft preparation, R.G. and K.K.-R.; writing—review and editing, P.B., Á.R.S., T.L., D.K; visualization, D.K., K.K.-R.; funding acquisition, P.B., R.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation O ffice (NKFIH FK 131379 for R.G. and KKP 133839 for P.B.). R.G. was supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

**Acknowledgments:** We are grateful to Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak, Fabio Marcolin, Edina Törö, and Balázs Deák for their technical support. GIS analyses were performed using the Ecosystem BaseMap, Ministry of Agriculture, 2019 (KEHOP-430-VEKOP-15-2016-00001).

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
