**4. Conclusions**

In this paper, a numerical study of transient states for the process of limiting current in inductive FCLs is proposed. The model is based on the coupling of multiphysics finite element simulation and a circuit model. By optimization, the number of iterations is reduced, and operational speed is greatly increased. The overall model calculation process, submodel setting, and analysis of the macroscopic characteristics (voltage, current) and microscopic characteristics (distribution of magnetic field, electrodynamic force, and temperature) of the SFCL under the current-limiting state are introduced. In SFCL design, more attention should be paid to the large outward force acting on the primary winding, and it is necessary to enhance the structure; the heat dissipation problem should be considered, while ensuring that the support strength and the contact area between the winding and the liquid nitrogen are increased as much as possible. The short-circuit experimental data of an air core inductive superconducting current limiter (SFCL) prototype was compared with the simulation results to verify the reliability of the simulation and provides a theoretical basis for the future design and manufacture of SFCL. Further, inductive SFCL applied in a short test of a large capability transformer under the grid operating condition can be designed. In this paper, some parameters in electromagnetic model and heat transfer model can be further refined and the simulation accuracy is improved. Similarly, better optimization method can be used to accelerate convergence.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.S.; methodology, J.S. and W.L.; validation, D.Q.; data curation, J.C., H.Y.; writing—original draft, W.L.; writing—review and editing, W.L., D.Q., J.C., H.Y.; supervision, Z.H.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, gran<sup>t</sup> number 51807118. **ConflictsofInterest:** Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictof interest.
