*3.3. Activity Tests*

The experiments were performed in a 100 mL high-pressure autoclave. The typical experimental conditions are as follows: 30 g deionized water, 15 g methanol, 3 g phenol, and 0.5 g catalyst were added to the autoclave. Before the reaction, the autoclave was washed five times with 5 MPa of N2 to remove air. The autoclave was then heated to 130–250 ◦C and kept for 1–4 h with the stirring speed of 600 rpm. After finishing the experiment, the autoclave was cooled to room temperature. All the gas and liquid products were collected and analyzed by using a gas chromatography (Jingketianmei Instrument, Shanghai, China) equipped with thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (FID), respectively. The conversion of reactants, the selectivity to liquid products, the yield of gas products were defined as follows:

> Conversion = (moles of reactants)in − (moles of reactants)out (moles of reactants)in × 100% Selectivity of liquid producti = moles of producti (moles of <sup>p</sup>henol)in − (moles of <sup>p</sup>henol)out × 100% Yield of gas producti = moles of gas producti molesofmethsnolin
