**Yongxing Wang 1,2, Jun Bi 1,2,\*, Chaoru Lu <sup>3</sup> and Cong Ding 1,2**


Received: 2 February 2020; Accepted: 28 April 2020; Published: 5 May 2020

**Abstract:** Electric vehicles (EVs) are being increasingly adopted because of global concerns about petroleum dependence and greenhouse gas emissions. However, their limited driving range results in increased charging demands with a stochastic characteristic in real-world situations, and the charging demands should be attributed toward charging stations in time-varying road networks. To this end, this study proposes guidance strategies to provide efficient choice for charging stations and corresponding routes, and it includes the time-varying characteristic of road networks in problem formulation. Specifically, we propose two route guidance strategies from different perspectives based on the charging demand information. The first strategy focuses on the effects of the number of EVs on the charging stations' operation, and the reachable charging stations with the fewest vehicles are selected as the heuristic suggested ones. The other strategy considers the travel cost of individual drivers and selects the charging stations nearest to the destination as heuristic suggested ones. Both strategies ensure that the selected charging stations can be reached in a time-varying road network. In addition, we carry out a simulation analysis to investigate the performance of the proposed route guidance strategies and introduce relevant insights and recommendations for the application of the strategies under various scenarios.

**Keywords:** electric vehicles; route guidance strategies; stochastic charging demands; time-varying road network
