**4. Route Guidance Strategies for Stochastic Charging Demands in a Time-Varying Road Network**

Charging station selection decisions at each time slot should be made on the basis of specific strategies to solve the stochastic charging demands in a time-varying road network. In this section, we attempt to develop the heuristic-based route guidance strategies for charging station selection from two different perspectives. Firstly, the strategy considers the effects of stochastic charging demands on charging stations. Secondly, the other strategy aims to select charging stations based on the travel cost of EV drivers. The effectiveness and comparison of the two strategies are discussed in Section 5. Note that charging vehicles by using a renewable energy source, instead of coal power, would improve the energy efficiency of EVs. In this way, the performance of strategies may be influenced if the source of energy to charge EVs is considered, which is not discussed in this study.
