**5. Input-Parallel Output-Series (IPOS) DC-DC Converter**

In this section, the IPOS DC-DC converter circuit diagram, as well as the IPOS DC-DC converter SSM, are discussed in detail.

### *5.1. IPOS Circuit Diagram*

IPOS DC-DC converters are employed in high input current and high output voltage applications [38]. The IPOS converter configuration is shown in Figure 5, where modules are connected in parallel and series at the input side and the output side, respectively. The IPOS DC-DC converter shown in Figure 5 is required for a high step-up ratio. This architecture is utilized when the output side current is within the semiconductor devices' current rating.

**Figure 5.** Input-Parallel Output-Series (IPOS) DC-DC converter circuit diagram.

By ensuring equal ICS and OVS, the input current per module is *Iin* <sup>3</sup> , and the output voltage per module is *Vo* <sup>3</sup> . In which, *Iin* and *Vo*, are the IPOS input current and the IPOS output voltage, respectively.
