*7.3. IPOP Control Strategy*

In this Section, the IPOP DC-DC converter overall control scheme is examined with the system parameters presented in Table 9. To test the controller's power balancing capability when handling uncertainties, the component parameters for each module are purposely assumed to be different, as presented in Table 9.


**Table 9.** Input-Parallel Output-Parallel (IPOP) converter parameters.

For parallel connected systems, active power-sharing control is achieved through directing the control efforts toward the output filter inductor currents without the need for any additional controllers. After designing the control scheme for the output filter inductor currents, the input currents are monitored to ensure that ICS is achieved through OCS. The same reference signal based on RC is applied to assess the controller scheme shown in Figure 9a. It can be observed from Figure 11 that the control scheme for the three-module IPOP system can achieve equal power distribution among the modules under parameter mismatch. In which, the modular input currents, as well as the modular output currents, are equally shared between the three modules. In addition, the overall filter inductor current of the IPOP power converter follows the reference signal applied based on RC.

**Figure 11.** Simulation results for IPOP DC-DC converter.

### *7.4. IPOS Control Strategy*

In this Section, the IPOS DC-DC converter overall control scheme is examined with the system parameters presented in Table 10. To test the controller's power balancing capability when handling uncertainties, the component parameters for each module are purposely assumed to be different, as presented in Table 10.


**Table 10.** IPOS converter parameters.

In IPOS, OVS is achieved through controlling the filter inductor currents of each module. This accordingly achieves ICS between the three modules. The reference signal for the overall filter inductor current is also based on RC. It can be observed from Figure 12 that the control scheme for the three-module IPOS DC-DC converter presented in Figure 9a can achieve equal ICS and equal OVS among the employed IPOS modules. In which, the modular input currents, as well as the modular output voltages, are equally shared between the three modules. In addition, the overall filter inductor current follows the same current profile of the reference signal.

**Figure 12.** Simulation results for IPOS DC-DC converter.
