**5. TCO Analysis**

In this section, the TCO model is used to explore how the cost of the two end-stop-charging strategies vary for different bus routes and different timetables. As a reference, the costs will be compared to the cost of a bus for compressed biogas (CBG) and one bus running on biodiesel (HVO). The main purpose of the paper is to develop the TCO model and explain how different charging strategies influence the TCO, so the analysis in this section is mainly included to demonstrate how the TCO model can be used to understand how the timetable, charging strategy and bus route influence the TCO.

The parameter values used in this paper are relevant for Swedish bus operators in 2019. The technology for buses, batteries and chargers are under rapid development, so the results discussed below should only be considered as an example. Conclusions for other regions in the world or for costs from 2020 and onwards should always be based on updated parameter values.
