**6. Generalized Small-Signal Analysis for Dual Series**/**Parallel Input-Output (ISIP-OSOP) DC-DC Converter**

In this section, the SSM for the four architectures is expanded to include a generalized SSM applicable for ISIP-OSOP configuration. In addition, after generalizing the model, the equations derived in this section are validated with the IPOS, ISOP, and ISIPOS presented in [38–42], respectively.

### *6.1. ISIP-OSOP Generic DC-DC Converter Circuit Diagram*

The ISIP-OSOP generic DC-DC converter configuration shown in Figure 7 consists of *n* modules that are connected in series and/or parallel at the input side, and in series and/or parallel at the output side, as shown in Figure 7.

**Figure 7.** Generalized multimodule DC-DC converter circuit diagram.

By ensuring ICS and IVS, the input current per module is *Iin* <sup>α</sup> , and the input voltage per module is *Vin* <sup>β</sup> . In which, *Iin* is the input current and *Vin* is the input voltage of the ISIP-OSOP DC-DC converter, and α is the number of modules connected in parallel, and β is the number of modules connected in series at the input side. Similarly, by ensuring OCS and OVS, the output current per module is *Io a* , and the output voltage per module is *Vo <sup>b</sup>* . In which *Io* is the output current and *Vo* is the output voltage of the ISIP-OSOP DC-DC converter, and *a* is the number of modules connected in parallel, and *b* is the number of modules connected in series at the output side.
