**8. Conclusions**

In recent years, EVs have gained attention because of their significant role in reducing CO2 emissions, minimizing noise pollution, avoiding the high price of fuel, and providing consumers with more efficient and environmentally friendly EVs. To allow for broader adoption of such EVs, diminishing the charging process would significantly increase the EV's efficiency as well as their utilization. Towards this direction, advanced power electronics technologies are emerging significantly to achieve high efficiency as well as ensuring extended battery lifetime. Among these power electronics conversion systems, the DC-DC conversion stage plays a vital role in charging the EV's battery. Consequently, this paper aims to present the four basic architectures for the modular DAB DC-DC converter with their SSM and control strategy to guarantee uniform power sharing among the modules. In addition, the main contribution of this paper can be summarized in providing generalized SSM for any multimodule connection, including ISIP-OSOP configurations to support in the design of the DC-DC stage control. In other words, the dynamic behavior of such multimodule converters is studied using the SSM to develop a generalized dual series/parallel input-output dual active bridge SSM applicable for EVs. The provided model is verified with three different models presented in the literature, which are: two-module IPOS converter, three-module ISOP converter, and four-module ISIPOS converter. Moreover, to assess the effectiveness of the control schemes, simulation results are presented where parameter mismatch is introduced between the modules to ensure power balancing in the overall converter system.

**Author Contributions:** For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. M.E. and A.M. contributed to the whole research work and analysis tools; M.E. wrote the paper. This work was performed under the supervision with regular and continuous feedback of A.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by NPRP grant NPRP (10-0130-170286) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).

**Acknowledgments:** This work was supported by NPRP grant NPRP (10-0130-170286) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
