*5.3. Simulation Result*

### 5.3.1. Stochastic Optimization

The purpose of this study was to reduce system operating costs and environmental pollution as much as possible while ensuring electricity demand is met. As shown in Figure 3, the EVs are charged at 12:00. That is not the peak period of microgrid power consumption, and although the electricity price of the main grid is higher at this time, the system has enough light energy to be used. Therefore, the renewable energy efficiency can be maximized by the microgrid system. The remaining electricity demand is supplemented by DEs, MTs, and the main grid. However, the system does not consider the uncertainty of PV power output and EV charging behavior, it is less robust, and it operates in a nonoptimal, nonstable state.

**Figure 3.** Stochastic optimization result.
