*3.2. Propose Assumptions*

This paper focus on a hybrid network, denoted as *G* = (*N,A*), where *N* is the set of nodes, *A* is the set of links. *W* is used to represent a set of OD pairs, and *w* is an element, *w* ∈ *W*. *R <sup>w</sup>* represents the set of paths between *w*. The main differences between GVs and EVs are the limitation of travel distance and the composition of travel costs. Without loss of generality, the following assumptions are made:

