**3. Problem Assumptions and EV Paths Analysis**

The proposed location model has two optimization objectives. The upper layer employs an improved maximum coverage model to maximize the coverage of the total EV flow by deploying a given number of charging stations on the links where the EV flow is the largest. The charging stations can serve more EV users by deploying charging facilities on the links where most EV drivers pass, which is an effective way to improve the utilization rate of public charging facilities and alleviate range anxieties of electric vehicle drivers [4]. The lower layer uses an SUE-ED model with incomplete information. The assignment result of SUE is a decisive factor for the placement of the charging stations. There is an inherent difference in the driving behavior of each user (EV users and GV users), in the hybrid network. In particular, range limit, charging time, and location of charging facilities have an important impact on the path choose behaviors of EV users.
