**5. Conclusions**

Energy management strategy is an important topic for hybrid electric vehicles. In order to effectively improve the performance of fuel consumption, ECMS was selected for instant optimization strategy to optimize the fuel consumption.

The AHS-II two-mode hybrid system was modeled, and a rule-based control was used as baseline model and validated with the official fuel economy data. Then, the ECMS was applied for fuel economy optimization. From the simulation of baseline model and ECMS optimization, the conclusions were drawn as follows:


Using vehicle dynamic simulation can help to quickly carry out the preliminary evaluation of various energy management strategies, search for the appropriate optimization of energy management strategies, and reduce R&D process time and cost. The proposed equivalent consumption minimization strategy can be utilized to optimize the performance of fuel consumption.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The author declares no conflict of interest.
