*3.1. The Distribution Network*

Two distribution systems were studied. The first network is the IEEE 33 radial bus system, and the second network is an actual urban case study. Both systems are radial low-voltage (LV) systems, modeled in MATLAB code by defining busloads and line impedances. EVCSs were added to the connected loads at defined buses. PV solar power generation was considered for optimal integration at defined locations. The studies were repeated for multiple scenarios.
