**Examining the Relationship between Cost and Quality of Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Beyond**

### **Lauren Culbertson, Dmitry Dukhovny and Wannasiri Lapcharoensap \***

Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;

culbertl@ohsu.edu (L.C.); dukhovny@ohsu.edu (D.D.)

**\*** Correspondence: lapcharo@ohsu.edu

Received: 30 September 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 19 November 2020

**Abstract:** There is tremendous variation in costs of delivering health care, whether by country, hospital, or patient. However, the questions remain: what costs are reasonable? How does spending affect patient outcomes? We look to explore the relationship between cost and quality of care in adult, pediatric and neonatal literature. Health care stewardship initiatives attempt to address the issue of lowering costs while maintaining the same quality of care; but how do we define and deliver high value care to our patients? Ultimately, these questions remain challenging to tackle due to the heterogeneous definitions of cost and quality. Further standardization of these terms, as well as studying the variations of both costs and quality, may benefit future research on value in health care.

**Keywords:** health care costs; quality; neonatal intensive care; value
