2.3.6. Resolving Taxonomic Ambiguity by Means of ENM

In this study, several charcoal fragments were identified as "*Pinus sylvestris* type" (see Results). Materials classified as *Pinus sylvestris* type might correspond to *Pinus sylvestris*, *Pinus nigra* and *Pinus mugo*/*uncinata,* but species identification by charcoal analysis is somewhat problematic due to the absence of specific diagnostic key features.

Therefore, we first generated ENMs for the three species mentioned above, along with *Q. pubescens,* because this was the most common taxon identified at species level at the site (see Results). In a second step, we used the *Q. pubescens* potential distribution as an environmental layer for the above-mentioned *Pinus* models, assuming that the species found in the same charcoal assemblage should have similar ecological requirements since, these prehistoric communities collected wood fuel in the immediate surroundings of human settlements [41].
