3.2.2. Last Glacial Maximum Projection Models

The LGM model predicted a high probability of potential distribution of *P. mugo*/*uncinata* especially in central and western Europe, whereas *P. nigra* was more likely to occur in southern Europe and in western Asia, *P. sylvestris* in western, central and northern Europe and in western Asia and *Q. pubescens* in southern Europe (Figures 5 and 6).

**Figure 5.** Ecological Niche Models for *P. mugo*/*uncinata* (**a**), *P. nigra* (**b**), *P. sylvestris* (**c**) and *Q. pubescens* (**d**) using the Last Glacial Maximum scenario. Scales show the probability of presence ranging from 0 to 1.

**Figure 6.** Ecological Niche Models for *P. mugo*/*uncinata* (**a**), *P. nigra* (**b**), *P. sylvestris* (**c**) and *Q. pubescens* (**d**) using the Last Glacial Maximum scenario. Binary map shows: 0 = unsuitable habitat; 1 = suitable habitat.

The MESS analysis showed negative values of environmental similarities for *P. mugo*/*uncinata*, *P. nigra*, *P. sylvestris* and *Q. pubescens* only in the northeast area of the map in comparison to the training area (Supplementary Materials, Figures S7–S10), whereas positive values were obtained for central and southern areas (Supplementary Materials, Figures S7–S10). Maxent models for *P. mugo*/*uncinata*, *P. nigra*, *P. sylvestris* and *Q. pubescens* showed AUC of 0.968 ± 0.032, 0.908 ± 0.082, 0.816 ± 0.076 and 0.859 ± 0.073, respectively. AUCdiff mean and standard deviation's values for all the Maxent models were <0.1.
