*2.3. The Relatedness between Castanopsis chinensis and Other Species*

We got the values of phylogenetic distance (relatedness) between *C*. *chinensis* with other tree species in the plot using three DNA barcode loci [27], standard barcode primers (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA) were suggested by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (http://barcoding.si.edu/). DNA sequences were generated for 1–2 tagged individuals located within the DHS plot. Genomic DNA was extracted from leaf and bark tissue using the standard CTAB protocol [28]. We then used Hierarchical cluster analysis to classify 194 species into six phylogenetically-similar groups using phylogenetic distance for 194 species (Table 2), from a closely related species group (Group 1) to distantly related species group (Group 6) respectively. Group 1 contains the fewest number of speice (*Castanopsis fissa*), distantly related species group contains a small number of the forest species (4 species), and the medium related species group 3 contains the largest number of species and highest abundance in the whole plot (Table 2).


**Table 2.** Number of species and individuals of trees surrounding the dominant tree *Castanopsis chinensis* in the 20 ha DHS plot as classified by phylogenetic distance (group) to *C*. *chinensis*.
